ET，ET0，PET之间的区别

转自：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration#Potential_evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration(ET)is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from theEarth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. Evaporation accounts for themovement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopyinterception, and waterbodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of waterwithin a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in itsleaves. Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle. An element(such as a tree) that contributes to evapotranspiration can be called anevapotranspirator.

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0), sometimes incorrectly referred to as potential ET, is arepresentation of the environmental demand for evapotranspiration andrepresents the evapotranspiration rate of a short green crop (grass),completely shading the ground, of uniform height and with adequate water statusin the soil profile. It is a reflection of the energy available to evaporatewater, and of the wind available to transport the water vapour from the groundup into the lower atmosphere. Actual evapotranspiration is said to equal referenceevapotranspiration when there is ample water.(ET的计量单位以水深表示，单位为mm；或用一定时段内的日平均值表示，单位为mm/d。)

Potential evapotranspiration (PET)is the amount of water that would be evaporated andtranspired if there were sufficient water available. This demand incorporates the energy available forevaporation and the ability of the lower atmosphere to transport evaporatedmoisture away from the land surface. Potential evapotranspiration is higher inthe summer, on less cloudy days, and closer to the equator, because of thehigher levels of solar radiation that provides the energy for evaporation.Potential evapotranspiration is also higher on windy days because theevaporated moisture can be quickly moved from the ground or plant surface, allowingmore evaporation to fill its place. The difference between potentialevapotranspiration and precipitation is used in irrigation scheduling.