一、广播发送者&广播接收者介绍
1.广播接收者
广播接收者简单地说就是接收广播意图的Java类,此Java类继承BroadcastReceiver类,重写:
public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent),其中intent可以获得传递的数据;
广播意图就是通过Context.sendBroadcast(Intent intent)或Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent intent)发送的意图,通过这个语句,能够广播给所有满足条件的组件,比如intent设置了action="com.xiazdong",则所有在AndroidManifest.xml中设置过<action android:name="com.xiazdong"/>的广播接收者都能够接收到广播;
注 :onReceive方法必须在10秒内完成,如果没有完成,则抛“Application No Response”当广播接收者onReceive方法需要执行很长时间时,最好将此耗时工作通过Intent发送给Service ,由Service完成 ,并且不能使用子线程解决,因为BroadcastReceiver是接收到广播后才创建的,并且生命周期很短,因此子线程可能在没有执行完就已经被杀死了。
public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent){ Intent intent = new Intent(context,XxxService. class ); context.startService(intent); }
2.广播发送者
通常广播发送方就是调用 Context.sendBroadcast()的程序,而广播接收者就是继承BroadcastReceiver的程序;
通常广播发送方都是通过隐式意图,这样才能发送给多人;
广播发送方分为普通广播和有序广播;
同步广播 :发送方发出后,几乎同时到达多个广播接收者处,某个接收者不能接收到广播后进行一番处理后传给下一个接收者,并且无法终止广播继续传播;Context.sendBroadcast(intent);
有序广播 :广播接收者需要提前设置优先级,优先级高的先接收到广播,优先级数值为-1000~1000,在AndroidManifest.xml的<intent-filter android:priority="xxx">设置;比如存在3个广播接收者A、B、C,优先级A>B>C,因此A最先收到广播,当A收到广播后,可以向广播中添加一些数据给下一个接收者(intent.putExtra()),或者终止广播(abortBroadcast());Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent);
二、广播接收者核心代码
同步广播发送方核心代码:
Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("..." ); Context.sendBroadcast(intent);
有序广播发送方核心代码:
Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("..." ); Context.sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null );
广播接收者核心代码:
public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); ... } }
AndroidManifest.xml
< application > < receiver android:name = ".Receiver" > < intent-filter android:priority = "1000" > < action android:name = "com.xiazdong" /> </ intent-filter > </ receiver > </ application >
三、广播实例
1.同步广播实例
场景说明:
(1)广播发送者:
package com.xiazdong.broadcastsender; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Button button; private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("com.xiazdong" ); intent.putExtra("name" , "xiazdong" ); MainActivity.this .sendBroadcast(intent); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button = (Button)this .findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(listener); } }
(2)广播接收者
package com.xiazdong.broadcastreceiver1; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name" ); Log.i("Recevier1" , "接收到:" +name); } }
AndroidManifest.xml
<receiver android:name= ".Receiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.xiazdong" /> </intent-filter> </receiver>
结果:
2.有序广播实例
场景说明:
(1)广播发送者
package com.xiazdong.broadcastsender; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Button button; private OnClickListener listener = new OnClickListener(){ @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction("com.xiazdong" ); intent.putExtra("name" , "xiazdong" ); MainActivity.this .sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null ); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "发送广播成功" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); button = (Button)this .findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(listener); } }
(2)广播接收者 Receiver1
package com.xiazdong.broadcastreceiver1; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class Receiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String name = intent.getExtras().getString("name" ); Log.i("Recevier1" , "接收到:" +name); abortBroadcast(); } }
AndroidManifest.xml
< receiver android:name = ".Receiver" > < intent-filter android:priority = "1000" > < action android:name = "com.xiazdong" /> </ intent-filter > </ receiver >