web自动化之元素操作与元素等待

一、元素操作
1、点击
element.click()
2、获取元素名称
element.tag_name

from selenium import webdriver
import logging
import time

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
# 启动浏览器驱动服务器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

# 找到百度输入框，输入柠檬班
ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
ele.send_keys("冬奥运动会")
target_name = ele.tag_name
print("标签名称：", target_name) # 标签名称： input

3、获取元素文本内容
element.text

from selenium import webdriver
import logging
import time

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
# 启动浏览器驱动服务器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

# 找到按图片搜索
ele = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span[text()="关注冰雪赛事 一起向未来"]')
text = ele.text
print("文本内容是：",text)  # 文本内容是： 关注冰雪赛事 一起向未来
ele.click()

time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

4、清空输入框
element.clear()

from selenium import webdriver
import logging
import time

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
# 启动浏览器驱动服务器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
# 找到百度输入框，输入柠檬班
ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
ele.send_keys("冬奥运动会")
time.sleep(4)
# 清空操作，有默认值时，先清空默认值
ele.clear()
time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

5、获取元素属性值
element.get_attribute(name=‘type’)

from selenium import webdriver
import logging
import time

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
# 启动浏览器驱动服务器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
# 找到百度输入框
ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
ele.send_keys("冬奥运动会")


# # 找到吧百度一下按钮，点一下
ele2 = driver.find_element_by_id("su")
val = ele2.get_attribute("value")
print(val) #百度一下
ele2.click()

time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

二、元素等待

1、元素等待分类

1、强制等待
2、显示等待
3、隐式等待

1、强制等待
使用time.sleep(5)
2、隐式等待

driver.implicitly_wait(2)
特点：
（1）整个会话只执行一次，但对所有的元素都生效，既所有的元素都会执行元素等待
（2）等待时间以秒为单位
（3）超过元素等待时间，如果元素未出现，那就会定位失败

from selenium import webdriver
import time

# 启动浏览器驱动服务器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

# 隐式等待
driver.implicitly_wait(2)

# 找到百度输入框
ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
ele.send_keys("冬奥运动会")


# # 找到吧百度一下按钮，点一下
ele2 = driver.find_element_by_id("su")
val = ele2.get_attribute("value")
print(val) #百度一下
ele2.click()

time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

3、显示等待

1、在timeout设置的时间内，然后根据poll_frequency设置的时间进去查询元素是否【可见、存在】
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
WebDriverWait类参数：
1、driver：浏览器驱动
2、timeout：元素等待的超时时间(秒),10
3、poll_frequency=POLL_FREQUENCY：轮询周期，默认是0.5秒,1
4、ignored_exceptions：超时后抛出的异常信息，no such element exception

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

# 启动浏览器驱动服务器
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")

# 显示等待
locator = (By.ID, "kw")
wait = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=10, poll_frequency=1)
# 找到百度输入框
ele = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator=locator))

# ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
ele.send_keys("冬奥运动会")

# # 找到吧百度一下按钮，点一下
ele2 = driver.find_element_by_id("su")
val = ele2.get_attribute("value")
print(val)  # 百度一下
ele2.click()

time.sleep(3)
driver.quit()

显示等待使用：

使用
1、分开写
#元素定位表达式
locator = (By.ID,"kw")
#实例化
wait = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=10, poll_frequency=1)
#元素定位
ele = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator=locator))
#等待多个元素可见
EC.visibility_of_all_elements_located(locator=locator)
 
2、组合写
ele = WebDriverWait(driver=driver, timeout=10, poll_frequency=1).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(locator=locator))
 

三、By类使用

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
ele = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
ele = driver.find_element(By.ID,"kw")
两种写法一样
locator = (By.Xpath,"//body//a")
locator = ("xpath","//body//a")