Android Fragmnet 两种添加方式的区别及所涉及的生命周期

一、Demo所涉及的部分代码

1.MainActivity的布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#ffffff"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/main_frame_layout"
        android:background="#dddddd"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp">
    </FrameLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="48dp">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn1"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:background="#ffffff"
            android:text="首页"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn2"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:background="#ffffff"
            android:text="消息"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity的代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private FrameLayout main_frame_layout;
    private Button btn1;
    private Button btn2;
    private Button btn3;
    FragmentA f1;
    FragmentB f2;
    FragmentC f3;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        main_frame_layout = findViewById(R.id.main_frame_layout);
        btn1 = findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        btn2 = findViewById(R.id.btn2);
        btn3 = findViewById(R.id.btn3);
        btn1.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn2.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn3.setOnClickListener(this);
        initFragment1();

        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate()");

    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        Log.i(TAG, "onStart()");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        Log.i(TAG, "onResume()");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Log.i(TAG, "onPause()");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Log.i(TAG, "onStop()");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy()");
    }


    private void initFragment1() {
        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        //第一种方式使用add
        if (f1 == null) {
            f1 = new FragmentA("首页");
            transaction.add(R.id.main_frame_layout, f1);
        }
        //隐藏
        hideFragment(transaction);
        //展示
        transaction.show(f1);

//        //第二种方式  replace
//        if(f1==null){
//            f1=new FragmentA("首页");
//        }
//        transaction.replace(R.id.main_frame_layout,f1);
//        transaction.commit();
    }

    private void hideFragment(FragmentTransaction transaction) {
        if (f1 != null) {
            transaction.hide(f1);
        }
        if (f2 != null) {
            transaction.hide(f2);
        }
        if (f3 != null) {
            transaction.hide(f3);
        }
    }

    public void initFragment2() {
        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        //第一种方式使用add
        if (f2 == null) {
            f2 = new FragmentB("消息");
            transaction.add(R.id.main_frame_layout, f2);
        }
        //隐藏
        hideFragment(transaction);
        //展示
        transaction.show(f2);

//        //第二种方式  replace
//        if (f2 == null) {
//            f2 = new FragmentB("消息");
//        }
//        transaction.replace(R.id.main_frame_layout, f2);
//
//        transaction.commit();
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (view == btn1) {
            initFragment1();
        } else if (view == btn2) {
            initFragment2();
        } else if (view == btn3) {
            initFragment3();
        }
    }

    private void initFragment3() {
        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        //第一种方式使用add
        if (f3 == null) {
            f3 = new FragmentC("消息");
            transaction.add(R.id.main_frame_layout, f3);
        }
        //隐藏
        hideFragment(transaction);
        //展示
        transaction.show(f3);


//        //第二种方式  replace
//        if (f3 == null) {
//            f3 = new FragmentC("消息");
//        }
//        transaction.replace(R.id.main_frame_layout, f3);
        //transaction.commit();
    }
}

FragmentA:

public class FragmentA extends Fragment {
    private static  final String TAG="FragmentA";
    private TextView tv;
    private String name;
    public FragmentA(String fName){
        this.name = fName;
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Context context) {
        super.onAttach(context);
        Log.i(TAG,"onAttach()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Log.i(TAG,"onCreate()");
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getActivity()).inflate(R.layout.fragment_,container,false);
        tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fragment_tv);
        tv.setText(name);
        tv.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                tv.setText("我变了-" + name);
            }
        });
        Log.i(TAG,"onCreatedView()");
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        Log.i(TAG,"onActivityCreated()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Log.i(TAG,"onPause()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Log.i(TAG,"onStop()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        Log.i(TAG,"onDestroyView()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDetach() {
        super.onDetach();
        Log.i(TAG,"onDettach()");
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.i(TAG,"onDestroy()");
    }
}

FragmentA对应的布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#dddddd">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fragment_tv"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment"
        android:textColor="#000000"/>

</RelativeLayout>

FragmnetB、FragmentC与FragmentA的代码是一样的

二、使用add、hide、show的方式添加Fragment

1、程序一运行，首先加载的FragmentA对应的界面此时所涉及的生命周期方法是：

MainActivity: onCreate()
FragmentA: onAttach()
FragmentA: onCreate()
FragmentA: onCreatedView()
FragmentA: onActivityCreated()
MainActivity: onStart()
MainActivity: onResume()

2、此时切换到FragmnetB所涉及的生命周期方法有：

FragmentB: onAttach()
FragmentB: onCreate()
FragmentB: onCreatedView()
FragmentB: onActivityCreated()

3、在切换回FraagmentA 

2019-08-02 20:04:16.874 25640-25640/com.example.testfragment I/ViewRootImpl: jank_removeInvalidNode all the node in jank list is out of time

4、然后在点击Home键后执行的生命周期方法

FragmentA: onPause()
FragmentB: onPause()
MainActivity: onPause()
FragmentA: onStop()
FragmentB: onStop()
MainActivity: onStop()

5、点击桌面应用图标在进去当前应用：

MainActivity: onStart()
MainActivity: onResume()

6、点击返回键退出应用

FragmentA: onPause()
FragmentB: onPause()
MainActivity: onPause()
FragmentA: onStop()
FragmentB: onStop()
MainActivity: onStop()
FragmentA: onDestroyView()
FragmentA: onDestroy()
FragmentA: onDettach()
FragmentB: onDestroyView()
FragmentB: onDestroy()
FragmentB: onDettach()
MainActivity: onDestroy()
 

三、使用replace方式替换

1、第一次启动程序

MainActivity: onCreate()
FragmentA: onAttach()
FragmentA: onCreate()
FragmentA: onCreatedView()
FragmentA: onActivityCreated()
MainActivity: onStart()
MainActivity: onResume()

2、切换至FragmentB

FragmentB: onAttach()
FragmentB: onCreate()
FragmentA: onPause()
FragmentA: onStop()
FragmentA: onDestroyView()
FragmentA: onDestroy()
FragmentA: onDettach()
FragmentB: onCreatedView()
FragmentB: onActivityCreated()

3、切换至FragmentC

FragmentC: onAttach()
FragmentC: onCreate()
FragmentB: onPause()
FragmentB: onStop()
FragmentB: onDestroyView()
FragmentB: onDestroy()
FragmentB: onDettach()
FragmentC: onCreatedView()
FragmentC: onActivityCreated()

4、此时按Home键

FragmentC: onPause()
MainActivity: onPause()
FragmentC: onStop()
MainActivity: onStop()

5、在按图标重新启动应用程序

MainActivity: onStart()
MainActivity: onResume()

6、此时在按返回键

FragmentA: onPause()
MainActivity: onPause()

FragmentA: onStop()
MainActivity: onStop()
FragmentA: onDestroyView()
FragmentA: onDestroy()
FragmentA: onDettach()
MainActivity: onDestroy()

四、add方式和replace方式的区别

add、hide、show方式添加Fragmnet，再次切换回来时不会重新创建该Fragment的实例~  直接复用

replace方式添加的Fragment，再次切换回来时会重新创建Fragment的实例，每切换一次创建一次~

五、点击Home键返回桌面，在想让应用重新启动的方式有？

①点击应用图标

②多任务中点击启动

③也有可能是，系统内存不足了，此时应用被杀死了，在被重新启动