1、定位慢sql
(1)查看满查询日志确定已经执行完的慢查询
开启慢查询日志、设置慢查询阀值、确定慢查询日志路径、确定慢查询日志的文件名
slow_query_log 决定是否开启(set global slow_query_log = on)
设置阀值(sel global long_query_time = 1)(建议设置一秒 要求高的设置0.1秒 测试环境为生产环境的一半 如生产环境一秒测试环境则设置0.5秒)
确定路径(show global variables like "datadir")
确定文件名(show global variables like "slow_query_log_file")
(2)show processlist查看正在从执行的慢查询(show processlist\G)
2、使用explain分析慢查询
CREATE DATABASE muke; /* 创建测试使用的database,名为muke */
use muke; /* 使用muke这个database */
drop table if exists t1; /* 如果表t1存在则删除表t1 */
CREATE TABLE `t1` ( /* 创建表t1 */
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`a` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`b` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`create_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '记录创建时间',
`update_time` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '记录更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `idx_a` (`a`),
KEY `idx_b` (`b`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
drop procedure if exists insert_t1; /* 如果存在存储过程insert_t1,则删除 */
delimiter ;;
create procedure insert_t1() /* 创建存储过程insert_t1 */
begin
declare i int; /* 声明变量i */
set i=1; /* 设置i的初始值为1 */
while(i<=1000)do /* 对满足i<=1000的值进行while循环 */
insert into t1(a,b) values(i, i); /* 写入表t1中a、b两个字段,值都为i当前的值 */
set i=i+1; /* 将i加1 */
end while;
end;;
delimiter ; /* 创建批量写入1000条数据到表t1的存储过程insert_t1 */
call insert_t1(); /* 运行存储过程insert_t1 */
drop table if exists t2; /* 如果表t2存在则删除表t2 */
create table t2 like t1; /* 创建表t2,表结构与t1一致 */
insert into t2 select * from t1; /* 将表t1的数据导入到t2 */
mysql> explain select * from t1 where b=100;
3、show profile 分析慢查询
(1)查询是否支持profile(select @@have_profiling)
(2)查询profile是否关闭(select @@profiling)
(3)设置profile(set profiling = 1)
(4)执行语句 select * from t1 where b = 1000
(5)确定sql的query id (show profiles)
(6)查询sql 执行详情(show profile for query 1)=>1是步骤5查询到的query id
4、trace 分析sql 优化器
先开启trace 设置格式为json 再执行需要分析的sql 最后查看分析结果(该功能影响mysql性能 建议临时开启)
mysql> set session optimizer_trace="enabled=on",end_markers_in_json=on;
/* optimizer_trace="enabled=on" 表示开启 trace;end_markers_in_json=on 表示 JSON 输出开启结束标记 */
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from t1 where a >900 and b > 910 order by a;
+------+------+------+
| id | a | b |
+------+------+------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 | 2 |
......
| 1000 | 1000 | 1000 |
+------+------+------+
1000 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * FROM information_schema.OPTIMIZER_TRACE\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
QUERY: select * from t1 where a >900 and b > 910 order by a --SQL语句
TRACE: {
"steps": [
{
"join_preparation": { --SQL准备阶段
"select#": 1,
"steps": [
{
"expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `t1`.`id` AS `id`,`t1`.`a` AS `a`,`t1`.`b` AS `b`,`t1`.`create_time` AS `create_time`,`t1`.`update_time` AS `update_time` from `t1` where ((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910)) order by `t1`.`a`"
}
] /* steps */
} /* join_preparation */
},
{
"join_optimization": { --SQL优化阶段
"select#": 1,
"steps": [
{
"condition_processing": { --条件处理
"condition": "WHERE",
"original_condition": "((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910))", --原始条件
"steps": [
{
"transformation": "equality_propagation",
"resulting_condition": "((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910))" --等值传递转换
},
{
"transformation": "constant_propagation",
"resulting_condition": "((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910))" --常量传递转换
},
{
"transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
"resulting_condition": "((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910))" --去除没有的条件后的结构
}
] /* steps */
} /* condition_processing */
},
{
"substitute_generated_columns": {
} /* substitute_generated_columns */ --替换虚拟生成列
},
{
"table_dependencies": [ --表依赖详情
{
"table": "`t1`",
"row_may_be_null": false,
"map_bit": 0,
"depends_on_map_bits": [
] /* depends_on_map_bits */
}
] /* table_dependencies */
},
{
"ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
] /* ref_optimizer_key_uses */
},
{
"rows_estimation": [ --预估表的访问成本
{
"table": "`t1`",
"range_analysis": {
"table_scan": {
"rows": 1000, --扫描行数
"cost": 207.1 --成本
} /* table_scan */,
"potential_range_indexes": [ --分析可能使用的索引
{
"index": "PRIMARY",
"usable": false, --为false,说明主键索引不可用
"cause": "not_applicable"
},
{
"index": "idx_a", --可能使用索引idx_a
"usable": true,
"key_parts": [
"a",
"id"
] /* key_parts */
},
{
"index": "idx_b", --可能使用索引idx_b
"usable": true,
"key_parts": [
"b",
"id"
] /* key_parts */
}
] /* potential_range_indexes */,
"setup_range_conditions": [
] /* setup_range_conditions */,
"group_index_range": {
"chosen": false,
"cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
} /* group_index_range */,
"analyzing_range_alternatives": { --分析各索引的成本
"range_scan_alternatives": [
{
"index": "idx_a", --使用索引idx_a的成本
"ranges": [
"900 < a" --使用索引idx_a的范围
] /* ranges */,
"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true, --是否使用index dive(详细描述请看下方的知识扩展)
"rowid_ordered": false, --使用该索引获取的记录是否按照主键排序
"using_mrr": false, --是否使用mrr
"index_only": false, --是否使用覆盖索引
"rows": 100, --使用该索引获取的记录数
"cost": 121.01, --使用该索引的成本
"chosen": true --可能选择该索引
},
{
"index": "idx_b", --使用索引idx_b的成本
"ranges": [
"910 < b"
] /* ranges */,
"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true,
"rowid_ordered": false,
"using_mrr": false,
"index_only": false,
"rows": 90,
"cost": 109.01,
"chosen": true --也可能选择该索引
}
] /* range_scan_alternatives */,
"analyzing_roworder_intersect": { --分析使用索引合并的成本
"usable": false,
"cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
} /* analyzing_roworder_intersect */
} /* analyzing_range_alternatives */,
"chosen_range_access_summary": { --确认最优方法
"range_access_plan": {
"type": "range_scan",
"index": "idx_b",
"rows": 90,
"ranges": [
"910 < b"
] /* ranges */
} /* range_access_plan */,
"rows_for_plan": 90,
"cost_for_plan": 109.01,
"chosen": true
} /* chosen_range_access_summary */
} /* range_analysis */
}
] /* rows_estimation */
},
{
"considered_execution_plans": [ --考虑的执行计划
{
"plan_prefix": [
] /* plan_prefix */,
"table": "`t1`",
"best_access_path": { --最优的访问路径
"considered_access_paths": [ --决定的访问路径
{
"rows_to_scan": 90, --扫描的行数
"access_type": "range", --访问类型:为range
"range_details": {
"used_index": "idx_b" --使用的索引为:idx_b
} /* range_details */,
"resulting_rows": 90, --结果行数
"cost": 127.01, --成本
"chosen": true, --确定选择
"use_tmp_table": true
}
] /* considered_access_paths */
} /* best_access_path */,
"condition_filtering_pct": 100,
"rows_for_plan": 90,
"cost_for_plan": 127.01,
"sort_cost": 90,
"new_cost_for_plan": 217.01,
"chosen": true
}
] /* considered_execution_plans */
},
{
"attaching_conditions_to_tables": { --尝试添加一些其他的查询条件
"original_condition": "((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910))",
"attached_conditions_computation": [
] /* attached_conditions_computation */,
"attached_conditions_summary": [
{
"table": "`t1`",
"attached": "((`t1`.`a` > 900) and (`t1`.`b` > 910))"
}
] /* attached_conditions_summary */
} /* attaching_conditions_to_tables */
},
{
"clause_processing": {
"clause": "ORDER BY",
"original_clause": "`t1`.`a`",
"items": [
{
"item": "`t1`.`a`"
}
] /* items */,
"resulting_clause_is_simple": true,
"resulting_clause": "`t1`.`a`"
} /* clause_processing */
},
{
"reconsidering_access_paths_for_index_ordering": {
"clause": "ORDER BY",
"index_order_summary": {
"table": "`t1`",
"index_provides_order": false,
"order_direction": "undefined",
"index": "idx_b",
"plan_changed": false
} /* index_order_summary */
} /* reconsidering_access_paths_for_index_ordering */
},
{
"refine_plan": [ --改进的执行计划
{
"table": "`t1`",
"pushed_index_condition": "(`t1`.`b` > 910)",
"table_condition_attached": "(`t1`.`a` > 900)"
}
] /* refine_plan */
}
] /* steps */
} /* join_optimization */
},
{
"join_execution": { --SQL执行阶段
"select#": 1,
"steps": [
{
"filesort_information": [
{
"direction": "asc",
"table": "`t1`",
"field": "a"
}
] /* filesort_information */,
"filesort_priority_queue_optimization": {
"usable": false, --未使用优先队列优化排序
"cause": "not applicable (no LIMIT)" --未使用优先队列排序的原因是没有limit
} /* filesort_priority_queue_optimization */,
"filesort_execution": [
] /* filesort_execution */,
"filesort_summary": { --排序详情
"rows": 90,
"examined_rows": 90, --参与排序的行数
"number_of_tmp_files": 0, --排序过程中使用的临时文件数
"sort_buffer_size": 115056,
"sort_mode": "<sort_key, additional_fields>" --排序模式(详解请看下方知识扩展)
} /* filesort_summary */
}
] /* steps */
} /* join_execution */
}
] /* steps */
}
MISSING_BYTES_BEYOND_MAX_MEM_SIZE: 0 --该字段表示分析过程丢弃的文本字节大小,本例为0,说明没丢弃任何文本
INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGES: 0 --查看trace的权限是否不足,0表示有权限查看trace详情
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
------------------------------------------------
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mysql> set session optimizer_trace="enabled=off";
/* 及时关闭trace */
根据analyzing_range_alternatives 这项里头的const成本项可以看出选择idx_b