Spring Bean的自动装配

Spring学习 Bean的自动装配

Spring中三种装配方式

1、xml显示装配

2、java显示装配

3、隐式自动装配bean

ByName自动装配（id唯一）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="computer" class="com.ling.entity.Computer"/>
    <bean id="mobile" class="com.ling.entity.Mobile"/>
    <!--byName自动在容器上下文中查找set方法后面值对应的bean id-->
    <bean id="person" class="com.ling.entity.Person" autowire="byName">
        <property name="name" value="李三"/>
        <property name="age" value="23"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

ByType自动装配（class唯一）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--id可以不用-->
    <bean class="com.ling.entity.Computer"/>
    <bean class="com.ling.entity.Mobile"/>
    <!--byName自动在容器上下文中查找,和自己对象属性类型相同的bean-->
    <bean id="person" class="com.ling.entity.Person" autowire="byType">
        <property name="name" value="李三"/>
        <property name="age" value="23"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

使用注解实现自动装配

1、导入约束

2、配置注解支持：context:annotation-config/

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>

</beans>

@Autowired

1、直接在属性上使用，也可以在set方法上面使用

2、当spring容器中有这个属性，使用@Autowired可以没有set方法。符合byName（byName自动在容器上下文中查找set方法后面值对应的bean id）。

3、@Autowired（required=false）允许属性值为null，此注解required默认为true

public @interface Autowired {
    boolean required() default true;
}

4、当配置类型相同的bean时，可以搭配使用@Qualifier(value = “xxx”)

public class Person {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "computer11")
    private Computer computer;
    @Autowired
    private Mobile mobile;
    private String name;
    private String age;
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config/>
    <bean id="computer" class="com.ling.entity.Computer"/>
    <bean id="computer11" class="com.ling.entity.Computer"/>
    <bean id="mobile" class="com.ling.entity.Mobile"/>
    <bean id="person" class="com.ling.entity.Person"/>
</beans>

@Resource

1、java注解

2、也可以指定名称

3、要有set/get方法

代码：

public class Person {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "computer11")
    private Computer computer;
    @Resource(name = "mobile22")
    private Mobile mobile;
    private String name;
    private String age;
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:annotation-config/>
    <bean id="computer" class="com.ling.entity.Computer"/>
    <bean id="computer11" class="com.ling.entity.Computer"/>
    <bean id="mobile" class="com.ling.entity.Mobile"/>
    <bean id="mobile22" class="com.ling.entity.Mobile"/>
    <bean id="person" class="com.ling.entity.Person"/>

</beans>

@Resource和@Autowired的区别

• @Autowired通过默认byType方式实现，对象必须存在
• @Resource默认通过byName方式实现，如果无法找到，则通过byType，两者都无法找到，就会报错。