在处理字符串的程序当中,经常会分析字符串,从一大长串的字符串截取我们需要的数据,这如果通过自己手写函数来分析,虽然可以,但当你知道sscanf的功能,那就自己写函数分析就显得多此一举。
这些函数的使用都很简单,总结一下,等下次使用一目了然。俗话说:好记性不如烂笔头,记录下来就是效率。
以下源代码是本人测试的源文件,附带讲解注释。
- /*******************************************
- Name : sscanf.c
- Author : gzshun
- Version : 1.0
- Date : 2011-12
- Description : sscanf function
- **********************************************/
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- static void sscanf_test(void);
- static void sscanf_test(void)
- {
- int ret;
- char string;
- int digit;
- char buf1[255];
- char buf2[255];
- char buf3[255];
- char buf4[255];
- /*1.最简单的用法/
- string = ”china beijing 123”;
- ret = sscanf(string, ”%s %s %d”, buf1, buf2, &digit);
- printf(”1.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”1.ret=%d, buf1=%s, buf2=%s, digit=%d\n\n”, ret, buf1, buf2, digit);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
- 可以看出,sscanf的返回值是读取的参数个数
- /
- /2.取指定长度的字符串/
- string = ”123456789”;
- sscanf(string, ”%5s”, buf1);
- printf(”2.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”2.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
- /
- 执行结果:
- **2.buf1=12345
- /
- /3.取到指定字符为止的字符串/
- string = ”123/456”;
- sscanf(string, ”%[^/]”, buf1);
- printf(”3.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”3.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 3.buf1=123
- /
- /4.取到指定字符集为止的字符串/
- string = ”123abcABC”;
- sscanf(string, ”%[^A-Z]”, buf1);
- printf(”4.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”4.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 4.buf1=123abc
- /
- /5.取仅包含指定字符集的字符串/
- string = ”0123abcABC”;
- sscanf(string, ”%[0-9]%[a-z]%[A-Z]”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
- printf(”5.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”5.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 5.buf1=123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
- /
- /6.获取指定字符中间的字符串/
- string = ”ios<android>wp7”;
- sscanf(string, ”%[^<]<%[^>]”, buf1);
- printf(”6.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”6.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 6.buf1=android
- /
- /*7.指定要跳过的字符串/
- string = ”iosVSandroid”;
- sscanf(string, ”%[a-z]VS%[a-z]”, buf1, buf2);
- printf(”7.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”7.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
- /
- /8.分割以某字符隔开的字符串/
- string = ”android-iphone-wp7”;
- /
- 字符串取道’-‘为止,后面还需要跟着分隔符’-‘,
- 起到过滤作用,有点类似于第7点
- /
- sscanf(string, ”%[^-]-%[^-]-%[^-]”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
- printf(”8.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”8.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
- /
- /9.提取邮箱地址/
- string = ”Email:beijing@sina.com.cn”;
- sscanf(string, ”%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s”, buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
- printf(”9.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”9.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s, buf4=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
- /
- 执行结果:
- 9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
- /
- /10.过滤掉不想截取或不需要的字符串–补充,
- 在%号后面加一号,代表过滤这个字符串,不读取
- /
- string = ”android iphone wp7”;
- sscanf(string, ”%s %*s %s”, buf1, buf2);
- printf(”10.string=%s\n”, string);
- printf(”10.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2);
- /
- 执行结果:
- *10.android wp7
- /
- }
- int main(int argc, char *argv)
- {
- sscanf_test();
- return 0;
- }
- /
- 测试程序
- 环境:
- *Linux ubuntu 2.6.32-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 28 07:39:26 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
- **gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
- gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf gcc sscanf.c -o sscanf</span> </span></li><li class=""><span><span class="comment">gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf ./sscanf
- 1.string=china beijing 123
- 1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
- 2.string=123456789
- 2.buf1=12345
- 3.string=123/456
- 3.buf1=123
- 4.string=123abcABC
- 4.buf1=123abc
- 5.string=0123abcABC
- 5.buf1=0123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
- 6.string=ios<android>wp7
- 6.buf1=android
- 7.string=iosVSandroid
- 7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
- 8.string=android-iphone-wp7
- 8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
- 9.string=Email:beijing@sina.com.cn
- 9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
- 10.string=android iphone wp7
- 10.buf1=android, buf2=wp7
- /
/*********************************************
** Name : sscanf.c
** Author : gzshun
** Version : 1.0
** Date : 2011-12
** Description : sscanf function
********************************************/
include <stdio.h>
include <stdlib.h>
include <string.h>
static void sscanf_test(void);
static void sscanf_test(void)
{
int ret;
char *string;
int digit;
char buf1[255];
char buf2[255];
char buf3[255];
char buf4[255];
/*1.最简单的用法*/
string = "china beijing 123";
ret = sscanf(string, "%s %s %d", buf1, buf2, &digit);
printf("1.string=%s\n", string);
printf("1.ret=%d, buf1=%s, buf2=%s, digit=%d\n\n", ret, buf1, buf2, digit);
/*
**执行结果:
**1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
**可以看出,sscanf的返回值是读取的参数个数
*/
/*2.取指定长度的字符串*/
string = "123456789";
sscanf(string, "%5s", buf1);
printf("2.string=%s\n", string);
printf("2.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
/*
**执行结果:
**2.buf1=12345
*/
/*3.取到指定字符为止的字符串*/
string = "123/456";
sscanf(string, "%[^/]", buf1);
printf("3.string=%s\n", string);
printf("3.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
/*
**执行结果:
**3.buf1=123
*/
/*4.取到指定字符集为止的字符串*/
string = "123abcABC";
sscanf(string, "%[^A-Z]", buf1);
printf("4.string=%s\n", string);
printf("4.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
/*
**执行结果:
**4.buf1=123abc
*/
/*5.取仅包含指定字符集的字符串*/
string = "0123abcABC";
sscanf(string, "%[0-9]%[a-z]%[A-Z]", buf1, buf2, buf3);
printf("5.string=%s\n", string);
printf("5.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3);
/*
**执行结果:
**5.buf1=123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
*/
/*6.获取指定字符中间的字符串*/
string = "ios<android>wp7";
sscanf(string, "%*[^<]<%[^>]", buf1);
printf("6.string=%s\n", string);
printf("6.buf1=%s\n\n", buf1);
/*
**执行结果:
**6.buf1=android
*/
/*7.指定要跳过的字符串*/
string = "iosVSandroid";
sscanf(string, "%[a-z]VS%[a-z]", buf1, buf2);
printf("7.string=%s\n", string);
printf("7.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2);
/*
**执行结果:
**7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
*/
/*8.分割以某字符隔开的字符串*/
string = "android-iphone-wp7";
/*
**字符串取道'-'为止,后面还需要跟着分隔符'-',
**起到过滤作用,有点类似于第7点
*/
sscanf(string, "%[^-]-%[^-]-%[^-]", buf1, buf2, buf3);
printf("8.string=%s\n", string);
printf("8.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3);
/*
**执行结果:
**8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
*/
/*9.提取邮箱地址*/
string = "Email:beijing@sina.com.cn";
sscanf(string, "%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
printf("9.string=%s\n", string);
printf("9.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s, buf4=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
/*
**执行结果:
**9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
*/
/*10.过滤掉不想截取或不需要的字符串--补充,
**在%号后面加一*号,代表过滤这个字符串,不读取
*/
string = "android iphone wp7";
sscanf(string, "%s %*s %s", buf1, buf2);
printf("10.string=%s\n", string);
printf("10.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n", buf1, buf2);
/*
**执行结果:
**10.android wp7
*/
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
sscanf_test();
return 0;
}
/*
**测试程序
**环境:
**Linux ubuntu 2.6.32-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 28 07:39:26 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
**gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
**
gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf
gccsscanf.c−osscanfgzshun@ubuntu: /c/sscanf
./sscanf
1.string=china beijing 123
1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
2.string=123456789
2.buf1=12345
3.string=123/456
3.buf1=123
4.string=123abcABC
4.buf1=123abc
5.string=0123abcABC
5.buf1=0123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
6.string=ios<android>wp7
6.buf1=android
7.string=iosVSandroid
7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
8.string=android-iphone-wp7
8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
9.string=Email:beijing@sina.com.cn
9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
10.string=android iphone wp7
10.buf1=android, buf2=wp7
*/