一、MySQL主从介绍
MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后,在A上写数据,另外一台B也会跟着写数据,两者数据实时同步的
• MySQL主从是基于binlog的,主上须开启binlog才能进行主从。
• 主从过程大致有3个步骤
• 1)主将更改操作记录到binlog里
• 2)从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里
• 3)从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行
• 主上有一个log dump线程,用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog
• 从上有两个线程,其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog,另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地
二、主从配置 - 主上操作
安装mysql
修改my.cnf,增加server-id=130和log_bin=greg02
修改完配置文件后,启动或者重启mysqld服务
[root@greg02 src]#/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@greg02 mysql]#ll
total 110796
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 56 Nov 10 21:06 auto.cnf
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Nov 27 23:50 db1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 120 Jan 24 04:21 greg02.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 179716 Jan 24 04:21 greg02.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16 Jan 24 04:21 greg02.index
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Jan 24 04:21 greg02.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jan 24 04:21 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Jan 24 04:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Nov 10 20:59 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 10 20:59 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 10 20:59 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 6 Nov 10 20:59 test
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Jan 23 04:27 zrlog
把mysql库备份并恢复成aming库,作为测试数据
mysqldump -uroot mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
mysql -uroot -e “create database aming”
mysql -uroot aming < /tmp/mysql.sql
[root@greg02 mysql]#mysqldump -uroot -pgreg1617 mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@greg02 mysql]#mysql -uroot -pgreg1617 -e "create database greg"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@greg02 mysql]#mysql -uroot -pgreg1617 greg < /tmp/mysql.sql
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| greg02.000001 | 652974 | | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建用作同步数据的用户
grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@slave_ip identified by 'password';
flush tables with read lock;
show master status;
三、主从配置 - 从上操作
安装mysql
查看my.cnf,配置server-id=132,要求和主不一样
修改完配置文件后,启动或者重启mysqld服务
把主上aming库同步到从上
可以先创建aming库,然后把主上的/tmp/mysql.sql拷贝到从上,然后导入aming库
[root@greg02 mysql]# scp 192.168.179.130:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/
mysql.sql 100% 637KB 637.4KB/s 00:00
[root@greg02 mysql]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql'
[root@greg02 mysql]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump'
[root@greg02 mysql]# mysql -uroot blog </tmp/mysql.sql
[root@greg02 mysql]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/mysql.sql
mysql -uroot
stop slave;
change master to master_host='', master_user='repl', master_password='', master_log_file='', master_log_pos=xx,
start slave;
还要到主上执行 unlock tables
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.179.130', master_user='repl', master_password='gre', master_log_pos=652974;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
四、查看主从同步是否正常
从上执行mysql -uroot
show slave stauts\G
看是否有
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
还需关注
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 //为主从延迟的时间
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
参数配置
主服务器上
binlog-do-db= //仅同步指定的库
binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定库
从服务器上
replicate_do_db=
replicate_ignore_db=
replicate_do_table=
replicate_ignore_table=
replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, 支持通配符%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=
测试主从
主上 mysql -uroot aming
select count(*) from db;
truncate table db;
到从上 mysql -uroot aming
select count(*) from db;
主上继续drop table db;
从上查看db表