READHAT7 RHCSA学习笔记磁盘与逻辑卷管理

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-02 11:17:36 发布

lalin的学习之路

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-02 11:17:36 发布

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分类专栏： redhat linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38170766/article/details/105563680

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逻辑卷管理LVM的重点在于可以弹性调整逻辑文件系统的容量，LVM可以整合多个实体分区在一起，让这些分区看起来像一个磁盘一样，而且还可以在未来新增或者移除实体分区到LVM管理的磁盘当中，于是在磁盘空间的使用上就相当具有弹性了。

pv 物理卷实体滚动条

pvcreate

vg 逻辑滚动条

多个物理卷合成一个vg，每个vg最小的单位成为pe

一个vg的最大容量为256G

创建vg的过程中指定pe的个数及大小

vgcreate

lv 逻辑卷

在vg中分割出lv

lvcreate

写入lv时，写入的机制有两种：

线性机制（默认）：假如 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 两个分区加入到VG中，并且整个vg只有一个lv时，所谓的线性模式就是当一个磁盘空间的容量用完了之后，才会用到另一个磁盘

交错模式（没什么特别大的用处）：将一笔数据拆分成2部分，分别写入 /dev/sda1 和 /dev/sdb1中，有点类似于raid

逻辑卷管理

pvscan、pvdisplay看到当前系统中有哪些pv

[root@localhost dev]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               rhel
  PV Size               29.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7423
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          7422
  PV UUID               tCfHxX-zCRo-mXCu-OGNl-nqTm-mY90-mNgaDm
   
[root@localhost dev]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG rhel            lvm2 [29.00 GiB / 4.00 MiB free]
  Total: 1 [29.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [29.00 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]

创建pv

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdd2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd2" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG rhel            lvm2 [29.00 GiB / 4.00 MiB free]
  PV /dev/sdd1                      lvm2 [49.00 MiB]
  PV /dev/sdd2                      lvm2 [46.66 MiB]
  Total: 3 [29.09 GiB] / in use: 1 [29.00 GiB] / in no VG: 2 [95.66 MiB]

删除pv

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdd1
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully wiped.

创建vg

vgcreate -s 指定pe的大小

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate -s 16M lalin /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdd2
  Volume group "lalin" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               lalin
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               80.00 MiB
  PE Size               16.00 MiB
  Total PE              5
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       5 / 80.00 MiB
  VG UUID               O3qcPD-RSl4-HPJR-wlBh-KltA-pVvb-mWOG0L
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               29.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7423
  Alloc PE / Size       7422 / 28.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               qNS8jD-VDUR-Ga4W-vv3m-UQzs-0BAo-ddpXrB

创建lv

lvcreate -n 指定lv的名字

lvcreate -l 指定pe的个数

lvcreate -L 指定lv的大小

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n lvm1 -l 5 lalin
  Logical volume "lvm1" created.
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               lalin
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               80.00 MiB
  PE Size               16.00 MiB
  Total PE              5
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       5 / 80.00 MiB
  VG UUID               O3qcPD-RSl4-HPJR-wlBh-KltA-pVvb-mWOG0L
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               rhel
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               29.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7423
  Alloc PE / Size       7422 / 28.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               qNS8jD-VDUR-Ga4W-vv3m-UQzs-0BAo-ddpXrB
   
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n lvm1 -l 5 lalin
  Logical volume "lvm1" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/lalin/lvm1
  LV Name                lvm1
  VG Name                lalin
  LV UUID                sXPzIe-FEI7-F4XU-NzUS-iUq3-PwFc-DWFPty
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-04-17 02:23:54 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                80.00 MiB
  Current LE             5
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                i7paW3-7dgs-DkTw-ICvZ-Pxmg-WhBF-tzf6rU
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-04-16 17:45:49 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                Z10ry6-uJdY-Rdgf-0oO2-OIyw-mK1Y-XJsC2k
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-04-16 17:45:49 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                26.99 GiB
  Current LE             6910
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

使用逻辑卷

lalin是vg的名字

lvm1是lv的名字

[root@localhost ~]# cd /dev/lalin/
[root@localhost lalin]# ls
lvm1

格式化逻辑卷

[root@localhost lalin]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/lalin/lvm1 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
20480 inodes, 81920 blocks
4096 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
10 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

修改挂载文件

[root@localhost lalin]# vim /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Apr 16 17:45:50 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=00d3a5f5-0011-4d3f-bf0e-1aafd51b4e23 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0                /mnt/cdrom              iso9660 defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb2               /mnt/lalin              ext4    defaults        0 0
/mnt/lalin/test         /mnt/testLoop           ext4    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdc1               swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/lalin/lvm1         /mnt/testLogical        ext4    defaults        0 0

/"/etc/fstab" 16L, 687C written
[root@localhost lalin]# mount -a

[root@localhost lalin]# df -Th
Filesystem             Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root  xfs        27G  1.7G   26G   7% /
devtmpfs               devtmpfs  902M     0  902M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  tmpfs     912M  8.7M  904M   1% /run
tmpfs                  tmpfs     912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0               iso9660   3.6G  3.6G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom
/dev/sdb2              ext4      991M  3.8M  920M   1% /mnt/lalin
/dev/loop0             ext4       19M  332K   17M   2% /mnt/testLoop
/dev/sda1              xfs      1014M  139M  876M  14% /boot
tmpfs                  tmpfs     183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/lalin-lvm1 ext4       74M  1.6M   67M   3% /mnt/testLogical

开机指定执行指令文件

[root@localhost lalin]# vim /etc/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
~
~

mount -o loop 等于 defaults，loop

lvresize：修改lv的大小

lvresize可以增加或者减少lv大小

[root@localhost lalin]# lvresize -l 4 /dev/lalin/lvm1 
  WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 64.00 MiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce lalin/lvm1? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume lalin/lvm1 changed from 80.00 MiB (5 extents) to 64.00 MiB (4 extents).
  Logical volume lalin/lvm1 successfully resized.
[root@localhost lalin]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/lalin/lvm1
  LV Name                lvm1
  VG Name                lalin
  LV UUID                sXPzIe-FEI7-F4XU-NzUS-iUq3-PwFc-DWFPty
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-04-17 02:23:54 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                64.00 MiB
  Current LE             4
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                i7paW3-7dgs-DkTw-ICvZ-Pxmg-WhBF-tzf6rU
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-04-16 17:45:49 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/rhel/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                rhel
  LV UUID                Z10ry6-uJdY-Rdgf-0oO2-OIyw-mK1Y-XJsC2k
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-04-16 17:45:49 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                26.99 GiB
  Current LE             6910
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0