Java多线程编程核心技术(笔记)4-Lock的使用

4.1 使用ReentrantLock类

4.1.1 使用ReentrantLock实现同步:测试1

4.1.2 使用ReentrantLock实现同步:测试2

package org.test.t8.t_1;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class MyService {

	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	
	public void methodA() {
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("methodA begin ThreadName="  
			        + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " time=" + 
					System.currentTimeMillis());
			Thread.sleep(5000);
			System.out.println("methodA end ThreadName=" 
			        + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " time=" + 
					System.currentTimeMillis());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void methodB() {
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("methodB begin ThreadName="  
			        + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " time=" + 
					System.currentTimeMillis());
			Thread.sleep(5000);
			System.out.println("methodB end ThreadName="  
			        + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " time=" + 
					System.currentTimeMillis());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{
		
		MyService service = new MyService();
		ThreadA a = new ThreadA(service);
		a.setName("A");
		a.start();
		ThreadAA aa = new ThreadAA(service);
		aa.setName("AA");
		aa.start();
		ThreadB b = new ThreadB(service);
		b.setName("B");
		b.start();
		ThreadBB bb = new ThreadBB(service);
		bb.setName("BB");
		bb.start();
		
	}
}


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调用lock.lock()的线程就持有了对象监视器,其他线程只有等待锁被释放时再次争抢。
效果和使用synchronized一样,线程之间还是按照顺序执行的。

4.1.3 使用Condition实现等待/通知:错误用法与解决

使用ReentrantLock结合Condition类是可以实现前面介绍过的“选择性通知”。

package other.thread15;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;


public class DemoService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
    
    public void await() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("await时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            condition.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void signal() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signal时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            condition.signal();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}
package other.thread15;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private DemoService service;
    
    public ThreadA(DemoService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.await();
    }
}
package other.thread15;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        DemoService service = new DemoService();
        ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);
        threadA.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        service.signal();
    }

}

在condition.await()方法调用之前需要调用lock.lock()获得同步监视器。

4.1.4 正确使用Condition实现等待/通知

Object类中的wait()相当于Condition类中的await()方法。
Object类中的wait(long timeout)相当于Condtion类中的await(long time,TimeUnit unit)方法。
Object类中的notify()方法相当于Condition类中的signal()方法。
Object类中的notifyAll()方法相当于Condition类中的signalAll()方法。

4.1.5 使用多个Condition实现通知部分线程:错误用法

signalAll()会唤醒所有线程

4.1.6 使用多个Condition实现通知部分线程:正确用法

package other.thread15;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;


public class DemoService {
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition();
    private Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition();
    
    public void awaitA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("await A 时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            conditionA.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void awaitB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("await B 时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            conditionB.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void signalA() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signal A 时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            conditionA.signalAll();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    
    public void signalB() {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("signal B 时间为:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            conditionB.signalAll();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

package other.thread15;

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private DemoService service;
    
    public ThreadA(DemoService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.awaitA();
    }
}
package other.thread15;

public class ThreadB extends Thread {

    private DemoService service;
    
    public ThreadB(DemoService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        service.awaitB();
    }
}
package other.thread15;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        DemoService service = new DemoService();
        ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);
        threadA.start();
        ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);
        threadB.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        service.signalA();
    }

}

在这里插入图片描述

4.1.7 实现生产者/消费者模式:一对一交替打印

public class MyService {  
    private ReentrantLock lock= new ReentrantLock();  
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();  
    private boolean hasValue = false;  

    public void set() {  
        try{  
            lock.lock();  
            while (hasValue == true) {  
                condition.await();  
            }  
            System.out.println("----");  
            hasValue = true;  
            condition.signal();  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            lock.unlock();  
        }  
    }  

    public void get() {  
        try {  
            lock.lock();  
            while (hasValue == false) {  
                condition.await();  
            }  
            System.out.println("****");  
            hasValue = false;  
            condition.signal();  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            lock.unlock();  
        }  
    }  
}  
//两个线程
public class MyThread1 extends Thread {  
    private MyService service;  
    public MyThread1(MyService service) {  
        this.service = service;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {  
            service.set();  
        }  
    }  
}  

public class MyThread2 extends Thread{  
    private MyService service;  
    public MyThread2(MyService service) {  
        this.service = service;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void run() {  
        for (int i=0; i<100; i++) {  
            service.get();  
        }  
    }  
} 

public class Run {  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {  
        MyService service = new MyService();  
        MyThread1 a = new MyThread1(service);  
        a.start();  

        MyThread2 b = new MyThread2(service);  
        b.start();  

    }  
} 

4.1.8 实现生产者/消费者模式:多对多交替打印

出现假死,用signalAll()解决。

4.1.9 公平锁与非公平锁

  • 公平锁
package demo;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class MyService {
    private ReentrantLock lock;

    public MyService(boolean isFair) {
        super();
        lock = new ReentrantLock(isFair); // FIXME:判断公平锁非公平锁的传入参数
    }

    public void serviceMethod(){
        try{
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("获得线程锁的名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

package demo;
import com.sun.tools.internal.ws.wsdl.document.soap.SOAPUse;

public class Run1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final MyService myService = new MyService(true); // FIXME: 公平锁

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("开始运行的线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                myService.serviceMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threadArray = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threadArray[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threadArray[i].start();
        }
    }
}
  • 非公平锁
package demo;
import com.sun.tools.internal.ws.wsdl.document.soap.SOAPUse;

public class Run1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final MyService myService = new MyService(false); // FIXME: 公平锁

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("开始运行的线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                myService.serviceMethod();
            }
        };
        Thread[] threadArray = new Thread[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threadArray[i] = new Thread(runnable);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            threadArray[i].start();
        }
    }
}

4.1.10 方法getHoldCount()、getQueueLength()、getWaitQueueLength()的测试

  • 方法int getHoldCount()的作用是查询当前线程保持此锁定的个数,也就是调用lock()方法的次数。
  • 方法int getQueueLength()的作用是返回正等待获取此锁锁定的线程估计数,比如有5个线程,1个线程首先执行await()方法,那么在调用getQueueLength()方法后返回值是4,说明有4个线程同时在等待lock的释放。
  • 方法int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) 的作用是返回等待与此锁定相关的给定条件Condition的线程估计数,比如有5个线程,每个线程都执行了同一个condition对象的await()方法,则调用getWaitQueueLength(Conditioncondition)方法时返回的int值是5。

4.1.11 方法hasQueuedThread()、hasQueuedThreads()、hasWaiters()的测试

  • lock.hasQueuedThread(Thread A):指定的线程是否正在等待获取此锁定;
  • lock.hasQueuedThreads():查询是否有线程正在等待获取锁;
  • lock.hasWaiters(Condition cond):查询是否有线程在cond.await状态中;

4.1.12 方法isFair()、isHeldByCurrentThread()、isLocked()的测试

  • isFair():作用是判断ReentrantLock是否是公平锁。返回true为公平锁,false为非公平锁。
  • isHeldByCurrentThread():查询当前线程是否保持此锁定。
  • isLocked():查询此锁是否由任意线程保持。

4.1.13 方法lockInterruptibly()、tryLock()、tryLock(long timeout,TimeUnit unit)的测试

  • lockInterruptibly():如果当前线程未被中断,则获取锁定(需要等待别的线程释放锁才行),如果已被中断则出现异常。但是使用lock.lock()时,当前线程被中断,不会报错。
  • tryLock():仅在调用时锁定未被另一个线程保持的情况下,才获取该锁定,否则就不获取。就是说只会去获取未被锁定的线程。
  • tryLock(long timeout,TimeUnit unit):如果给定线程在等待时间内未被另一个线程保持,且当前线程未被中断,则获取该锁定,否则就不获取,相当于tryLock()加了等待时间。

4.1.14 方法awaitUninterrptibly()的使用

线程在调用condition.await()后处于await状态,此时调用thread.interrupt()会报错
但是使用condition.awaitUninterruptibly()后,调用thread.interrupt()则不会报错

4.1.15 方法awaitUntil()的使用

此方法可以证明线程在等待时间达到前,可以被其他线程提前唤醒。

public class Service {

	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	public void waitMethod() {
		try {
			Calendar calendarRef = Calendar.getInstance();
			calendarRef.add(Calendar.SECOND, 3);
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("wait begin timer=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
			condition.awaitUntil(calendarRef.getTime());
			System.out.println("wait end timer=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public void notifyMethod() {
		try {
			Calendar calendarRef = Calendar.getInstance();
			calendarRef.add(Calendar.SECOND, 3);
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("notify begin timer=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
			condition.signalAll();
			System.out.println("notify end timer=" + System.currentTimeMillis());
		}finally{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Service service = new Service();
		MyThreadA myThreadA = new MyThreadA(service);
		myThreadA.start();
	}
}

4.1.16 使用Condition实现顺序执行

4.2 使用ReentrantReadWriteLock类

读写锁共有两个锁,一个是读相关的锁,也称作共享锁,另一个是与写操作相关的锁,也称作排他锁。同时规定如下:

  • 读锁与读锁之间不互斥
  • 写锁与写锁之间互斥
  • 读锁与写锁之间互斥

4.2.1 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用:读读共享

class MyService {

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void read() {
        try {
            lock.readLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得读锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

}

class ThreadA extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public ThreadA(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.read();
    }

}

class ThreadB extends Thread {

    private MyService myService;

    public ThreadB(MyService myService) {
        this.myService = myService;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService.read();
    }

}

public class ReadAndRead {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyService service = new MyService();
        ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(service);
        threadA.setName("AAAA");
        threadA.start();

        Thread.sleep(2000);

        ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(service);
        threadB.setName("BBBB");
        threadB.start();
    }

}
BBBB 获得读锁 1541404600765
AAAA 获得读锁 1541404600765

4.2.2 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用:写写互斥

class MyService2 {

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void write() {
        try {
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得写锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(10000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束写锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

}

class ThreadA2 extends Thread {

    private MyService2 service2;

    public ThreadA2(MyService2 service2) {
        this.service2 = service2;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service2.write();
    }

}

class ThreadB2 extends Thread {

    private MyService2 service2;

    public ThreadB2(MyService2 service2) {
        this.service2 = service2;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        service2.write();
    }
}

public class WriteAndWrite {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService2 service2 = new MyService2();
        ThreadA2 threadA2 = new ThreadA2(service2);
        threadA2.setName("AAA");
        ThreadB2 threadB2 = new ThreadB2(service2);
        threadB2.setName("BBB");

        threadA2.start();
        threadB2.start();
    }

}
AAA 获得写锁 1541405542280
AAA 结束写锁 1541405552281
BBB 获得写锁 1541405552282
BBB 结束写锁 1541405562282

4.2.3 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用:读写互斥

class MyService3 {

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();

    public void read() {
        try {
            lock.readLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得读锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(10000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束读锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.readLock().unlock();
        }
    }

    public void write() {
        try {
            lock.writeLock().lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获得写锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
            Thread.sleep(10000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 结束写锁 "
                    + System.currentTimeMillis());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.writeLock().unlock();
        }
    }

}

class ThreadA3 extends Thread {

    private MyService3 myService3;

    public ThreadA3(MyService3 myService3) {
        this.myService3 = myService3;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService3.read();
    }

}

class ThreadB3 extends Thread {

    private MyService3 myService3;

    public ThreadB3(MyService3 myService3) {
        this.myService3 = myService3;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        myService3.write();
    }
}

public class ReadAndWrite {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService3 service3 = new MyService3();
        ThreadA3 threadA3 = new ThreadA3(service3);
        threadA3.setName("AAA");
        ThreadB3 threadB3 = new ThreadB3(service3);
        threadB3.setName("BBB");

        threadA3.start();
        threadB3.start();
    }

}
AAA 获得读锁 1541407541955
AAA 结束读锁 1541407551955
BBB 获得写锁 1541407551955
BBB 结束写锁 1541407561955

4.2.4 类ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用:写读互斥

参考4.2.3

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