@Resource与@Autowired注解的区别

一、写本博文的原因

在大学，学习J2EE实训时一直使用的是@Resource注解，后来我就养成习惯了。现在对这两个注解做一下解释：

• @Resource默认按照名称方式进行bean匹配，@Autowired默认按照类型方式进行bean匹配
• @Resource(import javax.annotation.Resource;)是J2EE的注解，@Autowired( import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;)是Spring的注解

Spring属于第三方的，J2EE是Java自己的东西。使用@Resource可以减少代码和Spring之间的耦合。

二、@Resource注入

现在有一个接口Human和两个实现类ManImpl、WomanImpl，在service层的一个bean中要引用了接口Human，这种情况处理如下：

接口Human

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public 
       
       interface Human {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
       
       public void speak();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
       
       public void walk();
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

实现类ManImpl

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       @Service
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public 
       
       class ManImpl implements Human {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       public void speak() {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
              System.out.println(
       
       " man speaking!");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
        }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
  
       
       public void walk() {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               System.out.println(
       
       " man walking!");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
         }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

实现类WomanImpl

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       @Service
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public 
       
       class WomanImpl implements Human {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
       
       public void speak() {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
              System.out.println(
       
       " woman speaking!");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
  
       
       public void walk() {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
               System.out.println(
       
       " woman walking!");
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

主调类SequenceServiceImpl

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import java.util.Map;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import javax.annotation.Resource;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       @Service
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public 
       
       class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       @Resource
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
            sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
     
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       //起服务此处会报错
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       @Resource
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       private Human human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

这时候启动tomcat会包如下错误：

 

严重: Exception sendingcontext initialized event to listener instance of classorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating beanwith name ‘sequenceServiceImpl’: Injection of resource dependencies failed;nested exception isorg.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined:expected single matching beanbut found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:311) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:543) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:482) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:772) atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:838) atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:537) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:446) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:328) atorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:107) atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4717) atorg.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179)atorg.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183) atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1404) atorg.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1394) atjava.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266) atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) atjava.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)atjava.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) Caused by:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined: expectedsingle matching bean but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1126) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1014) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.autowireResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.getResource(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$ResourceElement.getResourceToInject(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:615) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata$InjectedElement.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:169) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:308) …22 more

 

报错的地方给我们提示了:but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl      意思是Human有两个实现类。解决方案如下：

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import java.util.Map;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import javax.annotation.Resource;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       @Service
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public 
       
       class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       @Resource
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
            sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
     
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       @Resource(name = 
       
       "manImpl")
       
       //注意是manImpl不是ManImpl，因为使用@Service，容器为我们创建bean时默认类名首字母小写
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       private Human human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

这样启动服务就不会报错了。如果是使用的@Autowired注解，要配上@Qualifier(“manImpl”)，代码如下：

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import java.util.Map;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import javax.annotation.Resource;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       @Service
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       public 
       
       class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       @Resource
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
            sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
     
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
           }
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
    
       
       @Autowired
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       @Qualifier(
       
       "manImpl")
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       private Human human;
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       }
      
      
     
     
   
   

            </div>