Nginx系列(3) —— Nginx 的常用命令与配置文件

Nginx 的常用命令和配置文件

1. Nginx 的常用命令

启动 Nginx

# 进入到 Nginx 的安装目录
cd /usr/local/nginx
# 进入二进制文件列表
cd sbin
# 启动 Nginx
./nginx

关闭 Nginx

# 进入相关目录
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
# 关闭 Nginx
./nginx -s stop

重新加载 Nginx

# 进入相关目录
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
# 重启 Nginx
./nginx -s reload

查看 Nginx 版本

# 进入相关目录
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
# 查看 Nginx 版本、
./nginx -v

查看 Nginx 是否启动成功

# 从已经启动的进程中查看是否包含 nginx 的进程
ps -ef | grep nginx

【示例】

2. linux 防火墙设置

PS: 默认情况下，window和linux 系统之间是无法相互进行访问的。因为window在访问linux时无法越过linux 的防火墙。

# 启动 firewalld 防火墙
systemctl start firewalld.service
# 添加服务
firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
# 开启防火墙开口 注：需要加 --permanent，这样在重启服务器后不会失效-
firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
# 重新载入防火墙，使防火墙生效
firewall-cmd --reload
# 查看已开放的端口
firewall-cmd --list-all

Nginx 配置文件

nginx 的配置文件示例

#user  nobody;

# 启动进程,通常设置成和 cpu 的数量相等
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;    #单个后台worker process进程的最大并发链接数
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        
        #侦听80端口
        listen       80;
        #定义使用www.xx.com访问
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

对于一些详细配置可以参考

nginx 的配置文件主要包含三块内容：

1. 全局块：配置服务器运行的配置指令，http 全局块配置的指令包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE 定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等。

2. events块： 影响 Nginx 服务器与用户的网络连接

3. http块: 包含全局块与 server 块

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