使用c语言单向链表实现简单学生成绩管理系统（3）

使用c语言单向链表实现简单学生成绩管理系统

现在这个简单系统不能保存数数据，不能退出，本文使用lo操作将链表中维护的数据保存到文件中，即退出保存，重新运行再从文件中提取数据。

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


//个人信息结构体,各科成绩可自定义添加
typedef struct grade_msg
{
        char name[16];
        char sex;
        int chinese;
        int math;
        int english;

}grade_msg_t;

//链表结构体
typedef struct student_msg
{
        grade_msg_t msg;
        struct student_msg * next;
}student_msg_t;

//定义操作类型枚举
enum operate_type
{
        INSERT_TYPE = 1,
        DELETE_TYPE,
        PRINTF_TYPE,
        MODIFY_TYPE,
        QUIT_TYPE
};

//创建链表头
student_msg_t * create_slist_head()
{
        student_msg_t * head;
        //申请空间
        head = (student_msg_t *)malloc(sizeof(student_msg_t));
        if(head == NULL)
        {
                printf("create slist head fail\n");
                return NULL;
        }
        //初始化
        head->next = NULL;

        return head;
}

//判断链表中有无数据
//返回1为空，0为非空
int isnull(student_msg_t *  head)
{
        if(head->next == NULL)
                return 1;
        else
                return 0;
}

//链表头添加数据
int insert_data(student_msg_t * head,grade_msg_t * msg)
{
        printf("enter insert msg\n");

        student_msg_t * new_node;

        new_node = (student_msg_t * )malloc(sizeof(student_msg_t));
        if(new_node == NULL)
        {
                printf("insert,create space fail\n");
                return -1;
        }

        strcpy(new_node->msg.name,msg->name);
        new_node->msg.sex = msg->sex;
        new_node->msg.chinese = msg->chinese;
        new_node->msg.math = msg->math;
        new_node->msg.english = msg->english;

        new_node->next = head->next;

        head->next = new_node;
        return 0;
}

//打印所有信息
int printf_list(student_msg_t *  head)
{
        if(isnull(head))
        {
                printf("no student msg\n");
                return -1;
        }
        while(head->next != NULL)
        {
                head = head->next;
                printf("name:%-8s,sex:%c,chinese:%d,math:%d,english:%d\n",head->msg.name,head->msg.sex,head->msg.chinese,head->msg.math,head->msg.english);
        }

        return 0;

}

//保存数据
int save_data(student_msg_t * head,char * buf)
{
        char str[64];
        if(isnull(head))
        {
                printf("no student msg\n");
                return -1;
        }

        while(head->next != NULL)
        {
                head = head->next;
                sprintf(str,"name:%s ,sex:%c,chinese:%d,math:%d,english:%d\n",head->msg.name,head->msg.sex,head->msg.chinese,head->msg.math,head->msg.english);
                strcat(buf,str);
        }

        printf("buf:%s\n",buf);

        return 0;
}

//链表中删除数据--根据姓名
int delete_data(student_msg_t * head,char * name)
{
        if(isnull(head))
        {
                printf("no student msg\n");
                return -1;
        }

        int flag = 0;
        student_msg_t * temp_node;
        temp_node = (student_msg_t*)malloc(sizeof(student_msg_t));
        if(temp_node == NULL)
        {
                printf("create temp node fail\n");
                return -1;
        }

        while(head->next != NULL)
        {
                if(0 == strncmp(head->next->msg.name,name,strlen(name)))
                {
                        //删除此节点
                        temp_node = head->next;

                        head->next = temp_node->next;

                        free(temp_node);

                        temp_node = NULL;

                        flag = 1; //判断找到需要删除的信息

                        break;

                }
                else
                        head = head->next;
        }

        if(flag == 0)
                printf("the list do not have the name\n");
        else
                printf("delete the name msg is success\n");

        return 0;
}



//链表中修改数据--根据姓名
int modify_data(student_msg_t * head,grade_msg_t * grade_msg)
{
        if(isnull(head))
        {
                printf("no student msg\n");
                return -1;
        }

        int flag = 0;

        while(head->next != NULL)
        {
                if(0 == strncmp(head->next->msg.name,grade_msg->name,strlen(grade_msg->name)))
                {
                        //修改此节点
                        head->next->msg.chinese = grade_msg->chinese;
                        head->next->msg.math = grade_msg->math;
                        head->next->msg.english = grade_msg->english;

                        flag = 1; //判断找到需要删除的信息

                        break;

                }
                else
                {
                        head = head->next;
                }
        }

        if(flag == 0)
                printf("the list do not have the name\n");
        else
                printf("modify msg success\n");

        return 0;
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
        student_msg_t * msg_head;
        char msg_str[64];
        char name_str[16];
        int flag;
        grade_msg_t insert_msg;
        int fd;
        char buf_str[512];
        int ret = 0;

        //从文件中读字符串后解析使用
        char * in_str = NULL;
        char * residue_str = NULL;
        char * temp_str = NULL;

        //创建链表头
        msg_head = create_slist_head();
        if(msg_head == NULL)
        {
                printf("create student msg head fail\n ");
                return -1;
        }

        //创建一个文件描述符
        fd = open("./student_msg_file",O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
        if(fd < 0)
        {
                printf("open the file fail\n");
                return -1;
        }

		//从文件中读取数据，添加到链表
        memset(buf_str,0,512);
        while(0 < (ret = read(fd,buf_str,sizeof(buf_str))))
        {
                printf("buf_str:%s\n",buf_str);
                in_str = strstr(buf_str,"name:");

                while(NULL != (in_str = strtok_r(in_str,"\n",&residue_str)))
                {
                        printf("in str:%s\n",in_str);//in str:name:xiaoli  ,sex:b,chinese:85,math:75,english:96

                        sscanf(in_str,"name:%s ,sex:%c,chinese:%d,math:%d,english:%d",insert_msg.name,&insert_msg.sex,&insert_msg.chinese,&insert_msg.math,&insert_msg.english);

                        printf("n:%s,s:%c,c:%d,m:%d,e:%d\n",insert_msg.name,insert_msg.sex,insert_msg.chinese,insert_msg.math,insert_msg.english);

                        insert_data(msg_head,&insert_msg);

                        in_str = NULL;
                }
        }

        while(1)
        {
                printf("input operate flag \n");
                printf("1 INSERT_TYPE\n");
                printf("2 DELETE_TYPE\n");
                printf("3 PRINTF_TYPE\n");
                printf("4 MODIFY_TYPE\n");
                printf("5 QUIT_TYPE\n");

                scanf("%d",&flag);
                getchar();

                switch(flag)
                {
                        case INSERT_TYPE:
                        {
                                //姓名 字符串 性别 字符类型 语数英 整型
                                printf("please input 姓名[enter] 性别[enter] 语文[enter] 数学[enter] 英语[enter]\n");
                                //简化信息输入
                                printf("------------input start------------\n");
                                scanf("%s",insert_msg.name);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%c",&insert_msg.sex);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%d",&insert_msg.chinese);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%d",&insert_msg.math);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%d",&insert_msg.english);
                                getchar();
                                printf("------------input end------------\n");

                                //插入数据
                                insert_data(msg_head,&insert_msg);
                        }
                        break;
                        case PRINTF_TYPE:
                        {
                                printf("==========printf start==========\n");
                                if(msg_head -> next != NULL)
                                        printf_list(msg_head);
                                else
                                        printf("do not have student msg \n");
                                printf("==========printf end=========\n");
                        }
                        break;
                        case DELETE_TYPE:
                        {
                                printf("<delete>please enter delete name\n");
                                memset(name_str,0,sizeof(name_str));
                                scanf("%s",name_str);
                                getchar();

                                delete_data(msg_head,name_str);
                        }
                        break;
                        case MODIFY_TYPE:
                        {
                                printf("<modify>please input modify name\n");
                                memset(name_str,0,sizeof(insert_msg.name));
                                scanf("%s",insert_msg.name);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%d",&insert_msg.chinese);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%d",&insert_msg.math);
                                getchar();

                                scanf("%d",&insert_msg.english);
                                getchar();

                                modify_data(msg_head,&insert_msg);
                        }
                        break;
                        case QUIT_TYPE:
                        {
                                goto out;
                        }
                        break;
                        default:
                                printf("no have the operate type\n");
                }
        }
out:
        //将链表数据缓存到buf_str中
        memset(buf_str,0,512);
        save_data(msg_head,buf_str);

        write(fd,buf_str,sizeof(buf_str));

        close(fd);
        return 0;
}

直接编译运行，亲测ok，注意代码中定义了一个buf，为512个字节，所以文件最多保存512个字节，这个大小可修改。