JPA的入门(SpringDataDemo)

JPA的入门

1.pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringDataDemo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</project.hibernate.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                        <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- hibernate对jpa的支持包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- c3p0 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${project.hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- log日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Mysql and MariaDB -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2.创建数据库表

 /*创建客户表*/
    CREATE TABLE cst_customer (
      cust_id bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)',
      cust_name varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)',
      cust_source varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源',
      cust_industry varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业',
      cust_level varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别',
      cust_address varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系地址',
      cust_phone varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系电话',
      PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

3.在java工程的src路径下创建一个名为META-INF的文件夹，在此文件夹下创建一个名为persistence.xml的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
             version="2.0">
    <!--配置持久化单元
        name：持久化单元名称
        transaction-type：事务类型
             RESOURCE_LOCAL：本地事务管理
             JTA：分布式事务管理 -->
    <persistence-unit name="myJpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <!--配置JPA规范的服务提供商 -->
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
        <properties>
            <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
            <!-- 数据库地址 -->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mymaven" />
            <!-- 数据库用户名 -->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="root" />
            <!-- 数据库密码 -->
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="root" />

            <!--jpa提供者的可选配置：我们的JPA规范的提供者为hibernate，所以jpa的核心配置中兼容hibernate的配 -->
            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
            <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true" />
            <!--
               create：表示启动的时候先drop，再create
               create-drop: 也表示创建，只不过再系统关闭前执行一下drop
               update: 这个操作启动的时候会去检查schema是否一致，如果不一致会做scheme更新
               不写会默认为none
               -->
           <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="none" />
       </properties>
   </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

4.编写实体类和数据库表的映射配置[重点]

package cn.itcast.domain;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 *		* 所有的注解都是使用JPA的规范提供的注解，
 *		* 所以在导入注解包的时候，一定要导入javax.persistence下的
 */
@Entity //声明实体类
@Table(name="cst_customer") //建立实体类和表的映射关系
public class Customer {
    @Id//声明当前私有属性为主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) //配置主键的生成策略
    @Column(name="cust_id") //指定和表中cust_id字段的映射关系
    private Long custId;

    @Column(name="cust_name") //指定和表中cust_name字段的映射关系
    private String custName;

    @Column(name="cust_source") //指定和表中cust_name字段的映射关系
    private String custSource;

    @Column(name="cust_industry")//指定和表中cust_industry字段的映射关系
    private String custIndustry;

    @Column(name="cust_level")//指定和表中cust_level字段的映射关系
    private String custLevel;

    @Column(name="cust_address")//指定和表中cust_address字段的映射关系
    private String custAddress;

    @Column(name="cust_phone")//指定和表中cust_phone字段的映射关系
    private String custPhone;

    public Long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }
    public void setCustId(Long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }
    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }
    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }
    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }
    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }
    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }
    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }
    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }
    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }
    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }
    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }
    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }
    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

5.编写测试类

package cn.itcast.test;

import cn.itcast.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;


public class JpaTest {

    /**
     * 标准使用
     */
    @Test
    public void test(){

        //创建实体管理类工厂，借助Persistence的静态方法获取
        //其中传递的参数为持久化单元名称，需要jpa配置文件中指定
        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("myJpa");
        //创建实体管理类
        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
        //获取事务对象
        EntityTransaction tx = em.getTransaction();
        //开启事务
        tx.begin();
        //创建对象
        Customer c = new Customer();
        c.setCustName("测试");
        //保存操作
        em.persist(c);
        //提交事务
        tx.commit();
        //释放资源
        em.close();
        factory.close();
    }

}