（一）Nginx介绍及安装

Nginx

Nginx版本区别

• Nginx 开源

  http://nginx.org/

• Nginx plus 商业 （被F5收购）

  https://www.nginx.com

• Openresty （国产，整合很多Lua脚本）

  http://openresty.org/cn/

• Tengine （淘宝，C/C++ 做的二次开发）

  http://tengine.taobao.org/

其他web服务器

• IIS
• Apache Httpd 1/2
• lighttpd

Nginx安装

虚拟机环境为CentOS 7.6，安装移步CentOS7安装

下载

https://nginx.org/en/download.html

传到虚拟机中并解压缩 （winSCP）

tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

编译安装

cd nginx-1.18.0

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

make

make install

如果出现警告或报错

提示：

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

安装perl库

yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

提示：

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

安装zlib库

yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

启动Nginx

进入安装好的目录/usr/local/nginx/sbin

./nginx 启动 
./nginx -s stop 快速停止
./nginx -s quit 优雅关闭，在退出前完成已经接受的连接请求
./nginx -s reload 重新加载配置

关于防火墙

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service

禁止防火墙开机启动

systemctl disable firewalld.service

放行端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

安装成系统服务

创建服务脚本

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

服务脚本内容

[Unit]
Description=nginx -  web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
  
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecQuit=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true
  
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重新加载系统服务

systemctl daemon-reload

启动服务

systemctl start nginx.service

开机启动

systemctl enable firewalld.service