Django-1-基础（环境搭建、路由）

一、环境配置

1. 安装django

   pip install django

   判断已安装： python -m django --version

2. 创建项目

   django-admin startproject jobapp

3. File->open->驰星->projects->project_django1->django_jobapp

二、文件目录

1. django_jobapp->manage.py：启动配置、实用命令行工具
2. django_jobapp项目里：django_jobapp文件夹：启动模块
3. django_jobapp->django_jobapp->settings：配置模块

   ROOT_URLCONF = ‘django_jabapp.urls’

4. django_jobapp->django_jobapp->urls：路由
5. django_jobapp->django_jobapp->wsgi.py：一个WSGI兼容的Web服务器的入口，以便运行项目

三、启动

1. python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000 ：启动

   localhost:8000/

2. ctrl+c ：停止

四、应用程序

1. python manage.py startapp user ：创建用户模块（创建应用程序）

   jobapp：项目
   user：应用程序

2. 配置一级路由 /jobapp/urls.py

    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path,include
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        path('user/',include('user.urls'))
    ]
   

3. 配置二级路由 /user/urls.py

    from django.urls import path
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from . import views
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('',views.index,name='index'),
        path('add/', views.add, name='add'),
        url(r'add\w*/',views.add,name='add'),
        path('regist/', views.regist, name='regist'),
        path('get_user/',views.get_user,name='get_user')
    ]
   

4. user->views添加相应的函数

    def index(request):
        return HttpResponse('user...index...')
    ...
   

五、路由系统

1. 路由

    path('index/',views.index,name='index') # index后面的\必须要有
    # 路由传参(地址栏)
    path('getuser/<int:id>',views.getuser,name='getuser')
    # 路由传参(urls.py文件中写入)
    path('getuser/',views.getuser,{'id':12},name='getuser')
    
    # views.py
    def getuser(request,id):
        return HttpResponse('--->'+str(id))
   

2. 基于正则的路由

    from django.conf.urls import url,include
    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^get_user\w*/',views.get_user,name='get_user'),
        url(r'^index/(\d*)',views.index)
    ]
   
     利用正则表达式传递参数
    
    #此时id的类型为str
    url(r'^getuser\w*/(?P<id>\w*)', views.getuser,name='getuser')
    # urls.py
    from django.conf.urls import url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from . import view
    from . import personal
    
    urlpatterns = [
    	 #匹配空路由相当于path(r'', view.hello),
     url(r'^$', view.hello),
     url(r'^person\w*$', personal.login)
    ]
   

3. 路由重定向（同一模块中）

   reverse：反向解析url

    url(r'^redirect_from\w*/(?P<userid>\w*)',views.redirect_from,name='redirect_from'),
    url(r'^redirect_to\w*/(?P<id>\w*)',views.redirect_to,name='redirect_to')
   

   在/user/views.py中，redirect_from获取参数跳转到redirect_to

    # 路由重定向
    def redirect_from(request,userid):
        uurl=reverse('redirect_to',args=(userid+'111',))
        return redirect(uurl)
    def redirect_to(request,id):
        return HttpResponse('跳转到这里'+id)
   

4. 模块间跳转

   reverse(‘模块名：路由名’)

    return redirect('/resume/add')
    return redirect(reverse('resume:add'))
    return redirect(reverse('position:getall'，kwargs={'id':110}))