一、无关联表连接的特殊用法(join...on)
1、数据准备
-- 员工表
create table emp(
empno int primary key, -- 员工编号
ename varchar(10), -- 员工姓名
job varchar(9), -- 员工工作
mgr int, -- 员工直属领导编号
hiredate date, -- 入职时间
sal double, -- 工资
comm double, -- 奖金
deptno int -- 所在部门
);
insert into emp values(7369,'smith','职员',7566,"1980-12-17",800,null,20);
insert into emp values(7499,'allen','销售员',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30);
insert into emp values(7521,'ward','销售员',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30);
insert into emp values(7566,'jones','经理',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,null,20);
insert into emp values(7654,'martin','销售员',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30);
insert into emp values(7698,'blake','经理',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,null,30);
insert into emp values(7782,'clark','经理',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,null,10);
insert into emp values(7788,'scott','职员',7566,'1987-07-03',3000,2000,20);
insert into emp values(7839,'king','董事长',null,'1981-11-17',5000,null,10);
insert into emp values(7844,'turners','销售员',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,50,30);
insert into emp values(7876,'adams','职员',7566,'1987-07-13',1100,null,20);
insert into emp values(7900,'james','职员',7698,'1981-12-03',1250,null,30);
insert into emp values(7902,'ford','销售员',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,null,20);
insert into emp values(7934,'miller','职员',7782,'1981-01-23',1300,null,10);
-- 工资等级表
create table salgrade(
grade int,-- 等级
losal double, -- 最低工资
hisal double ); -- 最高工资
insert into salgrade values (1,500,1000);
insert into salgrade values (2,1001,1500);
insert into salgrade values (3,1501,2000);
insert into salgrade values (4,2001,3000);
insert into salgrade values (5,3001,9999);
2、需求:
查询员工姓名、职位、薪水、薪水等级
需求分析:
咋一看需求好像很简单,员工姓名、职位、薪水在emp表中,薪水等级在salgrade表中。但这两张表之间并没有任何的关系。唯一能关联上的薪水在salgrade表中还是一个范围,不是特定的值。
3、解决方案
-- 15、查询员工姓名、职位、薪水、薪水等级
# 方式一:两表做笛卡儿积,通过条件判断"薪水>=最低薪水"且"薪水<=最高薪水"的员工信息
# 缺点;效率低,笛卡儿积不适用与大数据遍历
SELECT ename 姓名,job 职位,sal 薪水,grade 薪资等级
FROM salgrade,emp
WHERE sal >= losal AND sal <= hisal;
# 方式二:使用内连接,在on中直接进行between and判断薪水范围
# 相较于方式一效率高,在数据连接过程中进行了数据筛选
select a.ename 姓名,a.job 职位,a.sal 薪水,b.grade 薪资等级
from emp a
join salgrade b on a.sal between losal and hisal;
4、拓展:SQL语句执行顺序
# 注意: where后不能使用别名
# 查询关键字书写顺序: select [distinct]-> from -> join on -> where -> group by -> having -> order by -> limit
# 查询关键字执行顺序: from -> join on -> where -> group by -> having -> select [distinct]-> order by -> limit