docker 使用QEMU，构建多平台镜像；docker buildx

参考

buildx(github 安装QEMU文档)

build(Docker 官网文档)

QEMU(github安装文档)

构建多平台镜像

有3种方式：

1. 使用QEMU模拟器。
2. 使用原生的节点来构建，通过docker context命令来切换，连接不同的docker server。参考
3. 通过使用--platform参数在Dockerfile里，来实现不同平台的镜像编译。(不知道是我不会用，还是不好用)

正文

开启 buildx

• 编辑 /etc/docker/daemon.json，添加"experimental": true选项

  [root@]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
  {
    "experimental": true
  }
  

• 重启 docker

  systemctl daemon-reload
  systemctl restart docker
  

• 检测是否成功开启，true表示开启了

  [root@]# docker version -f '{{.Server.Experimental}}'
  true
  

安装QEMU

• 安装

  [root@]# docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
  

• 快速测试

  [root@]# docker run --rm arm64v8/alpine uname -a
  WARNING: The requested image's platform (linux/arm64) does not match the detected host platform (linux/amd64) and no specific platform was requested
  Linux 869e16c62dd8 5.10.18-amd64-desktop #1 SMP Mon Mar 1 17:09:41 CST 2021 aarch64 Linux
  

buildx构建amd和arm平台的两种镜像，并在各自的环境下使用

• Dockerfile

  FROM ubuntu
  

• 登录到docker，要推送镜像到 自己的 dockerhub 仓库

  [root@]#  docker login 
  

• 添加一个 docker driver，会自动添加配置项，具体内部操作原因现在也还不清楚

  [root@]# docker buildx ls
  [root@]# docker buildx create --name my-buildx 
  [root@]# docker buildx use my-buildx
  

  上面几个命令的详细输出：

  # 查看 buildx 的支持驱动
  [root@]# docker buildx ls
  NAME/NODE DRIVER/ENDPOINT STATUS  PLATFORMS
  default * docker                  
    default default         running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
  
  # 创建driver，自定义名称 my-buildx
  [root@]# docker buildx create --name my-buildx 
  my-buildx
  
  # 再次查看 drivers
  [root@]# docker buildx ls
  NAME/NODE    DRIVER/ENDPOINT  STATUS PLATFORMS
  my-buildx    docker-container                     
    my-buildx0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock inactive 
  default *    docker                   
    default    default          running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
  
  # 切换使用 my-buildx
  [root@]# docker buildx use my-buildx
  
  # 再次查看
  [root@]# docker buildx ls
  NAME/NODE    DRIVER/ENDPOINT  STATUS PLATFORMS
  my-buildx    docker-container                     
    my-buildx0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock inactive 
  default      docker                   
    default    default          running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
  

• 打镜像并推送

  # qiangge80800880 是我的用户名,镜像打完，并推送到docker hub
  [root@]# docker buildx build --platform linux/arm64,linux/amd64 -t qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1 . --push
  

• 再次查看 buildx drivers

  [root@]# docker buildx ls
  

  详细输出：

  [root@]# docker buildx ls
  NAME/NODE     DRIVER/ENDPOINT             STATUS PLATFORMS
  my-buildx *  docker-container                    
    my-buildx0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock running linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
  default       docker                              
    default     default                     running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
  

• DockerHub可以看到有一个镜像tag有两个架构
  

在 x86和arm平台使用此镜像测试

• amd

  [root@]# uname -m
  x86_64
  
  [root@]# docker run -it  qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1 bash
  Unable to find image 'qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1' locally
  v1: Pulling from qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test
  a70d879fa598: Pull complete 
  c4394a92d1f8: Pull complete 
  10e6159c56c0: Pull complete 
  Digest: sha256:a60e1f9dba411d8bf9c8f06147af7ea587cf539df082ce59cf63331761241cb2
  Status: Downloaded newer image for qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1
  root@0ddbf490e73b:/# 
  

• arm

  root@ks-allinone:~# uname -m
  aarch64
  
  root@ks-allinone:~# docker run -it  qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1 bash
  Unable to find image 'qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1' locally
  v1: Pulling from qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test
  2b20d1a80822: Pull complete 
  f4e993c4ee9a: Pull complete 
  c2befefc5146: Pull complete 
  Digest: sha256:a60e1f9dba411d8bf9c8f06147af7ea587cf539df082ce59cf63331761241cb2
  Status: Downloaded newer image for qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1
  root@68b90968bcc7:/# 
  

QEMU 卸载

docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --uninstall qemu-aarch64

PS

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