java-建造者模式

1. 建造者模式：他不直接生成想要的对象，而是让客户端利用所有必要的参数调用构造器（或静态工厂），得到一个builder对象，然后客户端在builde对象上调用类似setter的方法，来设置每个相关的可选参数, 最后，客户端调用无参的builder方法来生成通常是不可变的对象。

**
 * @author 犀角
 * @date 2021/6/7 22:47
 * @description 建造者模式：他不直接生成想要的对象，而是让客户端利用所有必要的参数调用构造器（或静态工厂），
 * 得到一个builder对象，然后客户端在builder对象上调用类似setter的方法，来设置每个相关的可选参数,
 * 最后，客户端调用无参的builder方法来生成通常是不可变的对象。
 */
public class NutrionFacts {

    private final int servingSize;
    private final int servings;
    private final int calorages;
    private final int fat;
    private final int sodium;
    private final int carbohydrate;

    private NutrionFacts(Builder builder) {
        servings = builder.servings;
        servingSize = builder.servingSize;
        calorages = builder.calorages;
        fat = builder.fat;
        sodium = builder.sodium;
        carbohydrate = builder.carbohydrate;
    }

    public static class Builder {
        //必须参数
        private final int servingSize;
        private final int servings;

        //可选参数
        private int calorages;
        private int fat;
        private int sodium;
        private int carbohydrate;


        public Builder(int servingSize, int servings) {
            this.servingSize = servingSize;
            this.servings = servings;
        }

        public Builder calorages(int val) {
            calorages = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder fat(int val) {
            fat = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder sodium(int val) {
            sodium = val;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder carbohydrate(int val) {
            carbohydrate = val;
            return this;
        }

        public NutrionFacts builder() {
            return new NutrionFacts(this);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //流式API
        NutrionFacts facts = new NutrionFacts.Builder(29, 9).calorages(122).carbohydrate(45).fat(243).sodium(452).builder();

    }
}

Builder模式适用于类层次结构，抽象类有抽象的builder,具体类有具体的builder。用类层次根部的一个抽象类表示格式各样的披萨

package baseDemo;

import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author 犀角
 * @date 2021/6/7 23:13
 * @description Builder模式适用于类层次结构，抽象类有抽象的builder,具体类有具体的builder。
 * <p>
 * 例如：用类层次根部的一个抽象类表示格式各样的披萨
 */
public class Pizza {

    public enum Topping {HAM, MUSHROOM, ONION, PEPPER, SAUSAGE}

    final Set<Topping> toppings;

    abstract static class Builder<T extends Builder<T>> {

        //创建具有指定元素类型的空枚举集。
        EnumSet<Topping> toppings = EnumSet.noneOf(Topping.class);

        public T addTopping(Topping topping) {
            toppings.add(Objects.requireNonNull(topping));
            return self();
        }

        abstract Pizza build();

        //子类必须重写这个方法来返回this对象
        protected abstract T self();
    }

    Pizza(Builder<?> builder) {
        toppings = builder.toppings.clone();
    }

}

package baseDemo;

import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * @author 犀角
 * @date 2021/6/7 23:22
 * @description
 */
public class NyPizza extends Pizza {

    public NyPizza(Builder builder) {
        super(builder);
        size = builder.size;
    }

    public enum Size {SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE}

    private final Size size;

    public static class Builder extends Pizza.Builder<Builder> {
        private final Size size;

        public Builder(Size size) {
            this.size = Objects.requireNonNull(size);
        }

        @Override
        public NyPizza build() {
            return new NyPizza(this);
        }

        @Override
        protected Builder self() {
            return this;
        }
    }
}