注：代理模式的设计思想是通过代理的方式避免暴露被代理对象或者说代理不容易被取得的对象，满足开闭原则。
顾客是没有能力直接在厂家买货的。所以需要向代理来买。代理再从厂家买。
关于JDK的动态代理，最为人熟知的可能要数Spring AOP的实现，默认情况下，Spring AOP的实现对于接口来说就是使用的JDK的动态代理来实现的，而对于类的代理使用CGLIB来实现。那么，什么是JDK的动态代理呢？
JDK的动态代理，就是在程序运行的过程中，根据被代理的接口来动态生成代理类的class文件，并加载运行的过程。JDK从1.3开始支持动态代理。那么JDK是如何生成动态代理的呢？JDK动态代理为什么不支持类的代理，只支持接口的代理？
首先来看一下如何使用JDK动态代理。JDK提供了java.lang.reflect.Proxy类来实现动态代理的，可通过它的newProxyInstance来获得代理实现类。同时对于代理的接口的实际处理，是一个java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler，它提供了一个invoke方法供实现者提供相应的代理逻辑的实现。
被代理的接口
public interface Person {
public void marry();
}
接口的实现类：
public class ZgyImpl implements Person {
@Override
public void marry() {
System.out.println("我要结婚了。。。。。");
}
}
JDK动态代理工厂
public class JdkProxyFactory {
private Object target;
public JdkProxyFactory(Object target) {
this.target = target;
}
/**
* @param ClassLoader loader 用于定义代理类的类装入器
* @param Class<?>[] interfaces 代理类要实现的接口列表 还可以写成目标对象实现的所有接口集合，
* new Class[]{Person.class,Animal.class} 目标对象实现 public class ZgyImpl implements Person ,Animal
* @param InvocationHandler h 拦截器
*/
public Object getProxyInstance() {
Object o = Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(), target.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler() {
/**
*
* @param proxy 方法上调用方法的代理实例
* @param method 目标方法
* @param args 目标参数
* @return
* @throws Throwable
*/
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("婚庆公司预定酒席。。。");
Object invoke = method.invoke(target, args);
System.out.println("婚庆公司结算费用。。。");
return invoke;
}
});
return o;
}
}
使用代理：
public class MyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//生成$Proxy0的class文件
System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
Person person = new ZgyImpl();
JdkProxyFactory jdkProxyFactory = new JdkProxyFactory(person);
Person proxyInstance = (Person) jdkProxyFactory.getProxyInstance();
proxyInstance.marry();
}
}
JDK动态代理源码
@CallerSensitive
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
// 从缓存中查询或者生成class的地方,
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
// 使用我们实现的InvocationHandler作为参数调用构造方法来获得代理类的实例
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
// 申明的缓存对象实例,创建了一个ProxyClassFactory对象参数的缓存器
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// 代理缓存查询，有就返回，没有就ProxyClassFactory创建出来。
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
28行 这个调用get 实际上factory调用get()方法在46行赋值了。
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
expungeStaleEntries();
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
if (supplier != null) {
// 这个调用get 实际上factory调用get()方法
V value = supplier.get();
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
if (supplier == null) {
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
33 行valueFactory.apply 调用了apply 那valueFactory是什么？
private final class Factory implements Supplier<V> {
private final K key;
private final P parameter;
private final Object subKey;
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap;
Factory(K key, P parameter, Object subKey,
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap) {
this.key = key;
this.parameter = parameter;
this.subKey = subKey;
this.valuesMap = valuesMap;
}
@Override
public synchronized V get() { // serialize access
// re-check
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
if (supplier != this) {
// something changed while we were waiting:
// might be that we were replaced by a CacheValue
// or were removed because of failure ->
// return null to signal WeakCache.get() to retry
// the loop
return null;
}
// else still us (supplier == this)
// create new value
V value = null;
try {
value = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory.apply(key, parameter));
} finally {
if (value == null) { // remove us on failure
valuesMap.remove(subKey, this);
}
}
// the only path to reach here is with non-null value
assert value != null;
// wrap value with CacheValue (WeakReference)
CacheValue<V> cacheValue = new CacheValue<>(value);
// put into reverseMap
reverseMap.put(cacheValue, Boolean.TRUE);
// try replacing us with CacheValue (this should always succeed)
if (!valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)) {
throw new AssertionError("Should not reach here");
}
// successfully replaced us with new CacheValue -> return the value
// wrapped by it
return value;
}
}
final class WeakCache<K, P, V> {
...................
private final BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory;
public WeakCache(BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory,
BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory) {
this.subKeyFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory);
this.valueFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory);
}
.................
}
通过Proxy类我们又知道：WeakCache 的初始化为：ProxyClassFactory对象初始化。valueFactory.apply这个方法就是new ProxyClassFactory().apply();
public class Proxy implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2222568056686623797L;
/** parameter types of a proxy class constructor */
private static final Class<?>[] constructorParams =
{ InvocationHandler.class };
/**
* a cache of proxy classes
*/
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
}
ProxyClassFactory 内部类 一个工厂函数，它生成、定义并返回给定ClassLoader和接口数组的代理类。
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// 所有代理类名称的前缀
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// 用于生成唯一代理类名的下一个数字
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* 验证类装入器是否解析了这个名称接口到同一个类对象
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* 验证Class对象实际上代表一个接口。
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* 验证该接口是否为副本
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // 生成的代理类的包名
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* 记录一个非公共代理接口的包，以便代理类将定义在同一个包中。验证所有非公共代理接口都 * 在同一个包中
*/
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
//对于公共接口的包名，默认为com.sun.proxy
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* 这里才是真正的生成代理类的字节码的地方
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
// 根据二进制字节码返回相应的Class实例
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
ProxyGenerator是sun.misc包中的类，
public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String var0, Class[] var1) {
ProxyGenerator var2 = new ProxyGenerator(var0, var1);
final byte[] var3 = var2.generateClassFile();
// 这里根据参数配置，决定是否把生成的字节码（.class文件）保存到本地磁盘，我们可以通过把相应的class文件保存到本地，再反编译来看看具体的实现，这样更直观
if(saveGeneratedFiles) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
public Void run() {
try {
FileOutputStream var1 = new FileOutputStream(ProxyGenerator.dotToSlash(var0) + ".class");
var1.write(var3);
var1.close();
return null;
} catch (IOException var2) {
throw new InternalError("I/O exception saving generated file: " + var2);
}
}
});
}
return var3;
}
saveGeneratedFiles这个属性的值从哪里来呢
//保存文件// 这里根据参数配置，决定是否把生成的字节码（.class文件）保存到本地磁盘，我们可以通过把相应的class文件保存到本地，再反编译来看看具体的实现，这样更直观
private static final boolean saveGeneratedFiles = ((Boolean)AccessController.doPrivileged(new GetBooleanAction("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles"))).booleanValue();
层层调用后，最终generateClassFile才是真正生成代理类字节码文件的方法，注意开头的三个addProxyMethod方法是只将Object的hashcode,equals,toString方法添加到代理方法容器中，代理类除此之外并没有重写其他Object的方法，所以除这三个方法外，代理类调用其他方法的行为与Object调用这些方法的行为一样不通过Invoke
private byte[] generateClassFile() {
/addProxyMethod系列方法就是将接口的方法和Object的hashCode,equals,toString方法添加到代理方法容器(proxyMethods),
其中方法签名作为key,proxyMethod作为value*/
/*hashCodeMethod方法位于静态代码块中通过Object对象获得，hashCodeMethod=Object.class.getMethod("hashCode",new Class[0]),
相当于从Object中继承过来了这三个方法equalsMethod,toStringMethod*/
this.addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class); -->
this.addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
this.addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);
int var1;
int var3;
//获得所有接口中的所有方法，并将方法添加到代理方法中
for(var1 = 0; var1 < this.interfaces.length; ++var1) {
Method[] var2 = this.interfaces[var1].getMethods();
for(var3 = 0; var3 < var2.length; ++var3) {
this.addProxyMethod(var2[var3], this.interfaces[var1]);
}
}
Iterator var7 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();
List var8;
while(var7.hasNext()) {
var8 = (List)var7.next();
checkReturnTypes(var8); //验证具有相同方法签名的的方法的返回值类型是否一致，因为不可能有两个方法名相同,参数相同，而返回值却不同的方法
};
//接下来就是写代理类文件的步骤了
Iterator var11
try {
//生成代理类的构造函数
this.methods.add(this.generateConstructor());
var7 = this.proxyMethods.values().iterator();
while(var7.hasNext()) {
var8 = (List)var7.next();
var11 = var8.iterator();
while(var11.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod var4 = (ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod)var11.next();
/将代理字段声明为Method，10为ACC_PRIVATE和ACC_STATAIC的与运算，表示该字段的修饰符为private static
所以代理类的字段都是private static Method XXX*/
this.fields.add(new ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo(var4.methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;", 10));
//生成代理类的代理方法
this.methods.add(var4.generateMethod());
}
}
//为代理类生成静态代码块，对一些字段进行初始化
this.methods.add(this.generateStaticInitializer());
} catch (IOException var6) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception");
}
if(this.methods.size() > '\uffff') { //代理方法超过65535将抛出异常
throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
} else if(this.fields.size() > '\uffff') { //代理类的字段超过65535将抛出异常
throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
} else {
//这里开始就是一些代理类文件的过程，此过程略过
this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className));
this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy");
for(var1 = 0; var1 < this.interfaces.length; ++var1) {
this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.interfaces[var1].getName()));
}
this.cp.setReadOnly();
ByteArrayOutputStream var9 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream var10 = new DataOutputStream(var9);
try {
var10.writeInt(-889275714);
var10.writeShort(0);
var10.writeShort(49);
this.cp.write(var10);
var10.writeShort(49);
var10.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.className)));
var10.writeShort(this.cp.getClass("java/lang/reflect/Proxy"));
var10.writeShort(this.interfaces.length);
for(var3 = 0; var3 < this.interfaces.length; ++var3) {
var10.writeShort(this.cp.getClass(dotToSlash(this.interfaces[var3].getName())));
}
var10.writeShort(this.fields.size());
var11 = this.fields.iterator();
while(var11.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo var12 = (ProxyGenerator.FieldInfo)var11.next();
var12.write(var10);
}
var10.writeShort(this.methods.size());
var11 = this.methods.iterator();
while(var11.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo var13 = (ProxyGenerator.MethodInfo)var11.next();
var13.write(var10);
}
var10.writeShort(0);
return var9.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException var5) {
throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception");
}
}
}
addProxyMethod方法剖析
private void addProxyMethod(Method var1, Class var2) {
String var3 = var1.getName(); //方法名
Class[] var4 = var1.getParameterTypes(); //方法参数类型数组
Class var5 = var1.getReturnType(); //返回值类型
Class[] var6 = var1.getExceptionTypes(); //异常类型
String var7 = var3 + getParameterDescriptors(var4); //方法签名
Object var8 = (List)this.proxyMethods.get(var7); //根据方法签名却获得proxyMethods的Value
if(var8 != null) { //处理多个代理接口中重复的方法的情况
Iterator var9 = ((List)var8).iterator();
while(var9.hasNext()) {
ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod var10 = (ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod)var9.next();
if(var5 == var10.returnType) {
/*归约异常类型以至于让重写的方法抛出合适的异常类型，我认为这里可能是多个接口中有相同的方法，而这些相同的方法抛出的异常类 型又不同，所以对这些相同方法抛出的异常进行了归约*/
ArrayList var11 = new ArrayList();
collectCompatibleTypes(var6, var10.exceptionTypes, var11);
collectCompatibleTypes(var10.exceptionTypes, var6, var11);
var10.exceptionTypes = new Class[var11.size()];
//将ArrayList转换为Class对象数组
var10.exceptionTypes = (Class[])var11.toArray(var10.exceptionTypes);
return;
}
}
} else {
var8 = new ArrayList(3);
this.proxyMethods.put(var7, var8);
}
((List)var8).add(new ProxyGenerator.ProxyMethod(var3, var4, var5, var6, var2, null));
/*24~27行的意思就是如果var8为空，就创建一个数组，并以方法签名为key,proxymethod对象数组为value添加到proxyMethods*/
}
生成的代理类
package com.sun.proxy;
import mode.proxy.Person;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements Person {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m2;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler) {
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {
try {
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void sayHello(String paramString) {
try {
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode() {
try {
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString() {
try {
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("mode.proxy.Person").getMethod("marry", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.String") });
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
总结
- 继承了Proxy类，实现了代理的接口，由于java不能多继承，这里已经继承了Proxy类了，不能再继承其他的类，所以JDK的动态代理不支持对实现类的代理，只支持接口的代理。
- 提供了一个使用InvocationHandler作为参数的构造方法。生成静态代码块来初始化接口中方法的Method对象，以及Object类的equals、hashCode、toString方法。
- 重写了Object类的equals、hashCode、toString，它们都只是简单的调用了InvocationHandler的invoke方法，即可以对其进行特殊的操作，也就是说JDK的动态代理还可以代理上述三个方法。
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