本篇学习笔记总结自bilibiliup主【狂神说】系列视频:【狂神说Java】网络编程实战讲解
作者公众号:狂神说
1.1、概述
想要达到网络通讯效果需要什么:
- 如何准确定位网上的一台主机,192.168.16.124: 端口,定位到这个计算机的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传播数据
JavaWeb与网络编程的区别
JavaWeb:网页编程 B/C. (Brower/Server)
网络编程:TCP/IP 使用 C/S 架构 (Client/Server)
1.2、 网络通讯的要素
如何实现网络通讯?
通讯双方的地址:
- IP
- 端口号
规则:网络通讯的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通讯
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP 和端口号
- 网络通讯协议 udp,tcp
1.3、IP
IP地址在 JavaInetAddress
类中
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
本机127.0.0.1: localhost.
-
IP地址的分类
-
IPV4/ IPV6协议
- IPv4 127.0.0.1, 4个字节组成,0~255, 42亿~ ; 30亿在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年用尽
- IPv6 2001:3CA1:010F:001A:121B:0000:0000:0010 128位。 8个无符号整数
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
-
192.168.xx.xx 一般来说是局域网,给组织内部使用
-
ABCD类地址(以下地址为IPv4地址)
-
public static void main(String[] args) { try{ //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1= InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress2= InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); InetAddress inetAddress3= InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress3); //查询网络ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress4); }catch (UnknownHostException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
-
-
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号,端口号不可冲突!用来区分软件
-
一般被规定为0~65535
-
TCP, UDP 每个协议都有65535,所以总共有 65535 * 2个端口。在单个协议下端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent: 23
-
程序注册端口:1014~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有端口:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口
-
1.5、通讯协议
网络通讯协议: 速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制……
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议(运输层)
-
TCP:用户传输协议(打电话)
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手
四次挥手
三次握手:最少需要三次才能保证稳定连接
A:你瞅啥
B:瞅你咋地
A:干一场?四次挥手
A:我要走了!
B:我真的要走了吗? (还未断开)
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
``` -
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
-
-
UDP:用户数据包协议(发短信)
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!造成端口堵塞 饱和攻击
1.6、TCP/IP
客户端
-
通过Socket链接服务器
-
发送消息
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { //1. 要知道服务器的地址 InetAddress ServerId = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); //2. 端口号 int port = 9999; //3. 创建一个socket链接 Socket socket = new Socket(ServerId,port); //4. 发送消息 IO流 OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream(); outputStream.write("你好欢迎光临".getBytes()); //先开后关原则 outputStream.close(); socket.close(); }
服务器
-
建立服务的端口ServerSocket
-
等待用户的连接,通过accept
-
接收用户的消息
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { ServerSocket serverSocket = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream inputStream = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; //进行循环监听 while (true){ try { //1. 我得有一个地址 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); //2. 等待客户端链接过来 socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3. 读取客户端的消息 inputStream = socket.getInputStream(); //4. 管道流,首先先接收传过来的Stream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while(( len=inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){ baos.write(buffer,0,len); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); }catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //先开后关原则 if(baos != null){ baos.close(); } if (inputStream != null){ inputStream.close(); } if (socket != null){ socket.close(); } if (serverSocket != null){ serverSocket.close(); } } } }
文件上传
服务器端代码
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2、监听客户端链接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3、获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4、文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("received.jpeg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我已经接收完毕了
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("来自Server的消息:我已经接收完毕!".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
客户端代码
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、创建一个socket链接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2、创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3、读取文件流
FileInputStream fs = new FileInputStream(new File("src/biteCat.jpeg"));
//4、写出文件流
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fs.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//接收服务端传来的消息
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5、关闭资源
baos.close();
fs.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 Server
- Tomcat做服务器 Server : java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 Client
- 浏览器 Brower
1.7、UDP
发送消息
发送端
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
//不需要链接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1、建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2、建立一个包
String msg = "你好啊!服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//参数分别为:发送的消息,数据的起始长度,发送的地址,端口号
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//要等待客户端的链接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
//控制台输出数据包
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
//String里面的参数为byte数组,起始位置,末尾位置(长度)
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
发送端
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UpdSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,从控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String msg = reader.readLine();
byte[] data = msg.getBytes();
//准备封装发送包
DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(data,
data.length,
new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
//发送
socket.send(sendPacket);
if(msg.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UpcReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket receivedPacket = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(receivedPacket); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 byt
byte[] data = receivedPacket.getData();
//此处的Length选用receivedPacket的Length,若选用data的Length,可能会变成1024,并没有进行动态生成长度
String receiveMsg = new String(data,0,receivedPacket.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveMsg);
if(receiveMsg.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询
TalkSend类
package com.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
//准备数据,从控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据,从控制台读取System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try{
String msg = reader.readLine();
byte[] data = msg.getBytes();
//准备封装发送包
DatagramPacket sendPacket = new DatagramPacket(data,
data.length,
new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));
//发送
socket.send(sendPacket);
if(msg.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e ){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceive
package com.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) throws IOException {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
this.socket = new DatagramSocket(this.port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket receivedPacket = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(receivedPacket); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 byt
byte[] data = receivedPacket.getData();
//此处的Length选用receivedPacket的Length,若选用data的Length,可能会变成1024,并没有进行动态生成长度
String receiveMsg = new String(data,0,receivedPacket.getLength());
System.out.println( msgFrom + ":" + receiveMsg);
if(receiveMsg.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
package com.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",4567)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
package com.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(4567,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
统一资源定位符:Uniform Resource Locator
协议://ip地址:端口//项目名/资源
从网上下载资源
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、下载资源(参数为地址)
URL url = new URL("https://www.csgo.com.cn/images/footer/head_default.png");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议名
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //IP名字
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口号
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
//2、连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("DownLoad.png");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据
}
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
参考文献:本篇学习笔记主要总结于bilibili up主 “狂神学Java” 的系列视频— 【狂神说Java】网络编程实战讲解