JSON之(Jackson、FastJson)

Jackson

1.引入maven

 <!--        jackson-->
        <!--        jackson-core,核心包,提供基于"流模式"解析的相关 API,它包括 JsonPaser 和 JsonGenerator。 Jackson 内部实现正是通过高性能的流模式 API 的 JsonGenerator 和 JsonParser 来生成和解析 json。-->
        <!--        jackson-annotations,注解包,提供标准注解功能;-->
        <!--        jackson-databind ,数据绑定包, 提供基于"对象绑定" 解析的相关 API ( ObjectMapper ) 和"树模型" 解析的相关 API (JsonNode);基于"对象绑定" 解析的 API 和"树模型"解析的 API 依赖基于"流模式"解析的 API。-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.1</version>
        </dependency>

2.序列化


    Date date = new Date();
    JackBean1 j11 = new JackBean1(null, "张三", date, null, null);
    JackBean1 j12 = new JackBean1(2, "李四", date, true, "ok");
    JackBean2 j21 = new JackBean2(2, "李四", date, true, "ok");

    //序列化
    @Test
    public void test02() throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();


        String json1 = mapper.writeValueAsString(j11);
        String json2 = mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(j11);

        // 美化输出
        mapper.enable(SerializationFeature.INDENT_OUTPUT);
// 允许序列化空的POJO类
// (否则会抛出异常)
        mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS);
// 把java.util.Date, Calendar输出为数字(时间戳)
        mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);

// 在遇到未知属性的时候不抛出异常
        mapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES);
// 强制JSON 空字符串("")转换为null对象值:
        mapper.enable(DeserializationFeature.ACCEPT_EMPTY_STRING_AS_NULL_OBJECT);

// 在JSON中允许C/C++ 样式的注释(非标准,默认禁用)
        mapper.configure(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_COMMENTS, true);
// 允许没有引号的字段名(非标准)
        mapper.configure(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_UNQUOTED_FIELD_NAMES, true);
// 允许单引号(非标准)
        mapper.configure(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES, true);
// 强制转义非ASCII字符
        mapper.configure(JsonGenerator.Feature.ESCAPE_NON_ASCII, true);
// 将内容包裹为一个JSON属性,属性名由@JsonRootName注解指定
        mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRAP_ROOT_VALUE, true);


        System.out.println(json1);
        System.out.println(json2);

        // 写为字符串
        String text = mapper.writeValueAsString(j11);
        // 写为文件
        mapper.writeValue(new File("JackBean1.json"), j11);

        System.out.println(text);
        // 写为字节流
        byte[] bytes = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(j11);
    }

3.反序列化(解析)

//反序列化
    @Test
    public void test03() throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String text = mapper.writeValueAsString(j11);
        mapper.writeValue(new File("JackBean1.json"), j11);
        byte[] bytes = mapper.writeValueAsBytes(j11);

        //解析
        // 从字符串中读取
        JackBean1 newFriend = mapper.readValue(text, JackBean1.class);
        System.out.println(newFriend);
        // 从字节流中读取
        newFriend = mapper.readValue(bytes, JackBean1.class);
        System.out.println(newFriend);
        // 从文件中读取
        newFriend = mapper.readValue(new File("JackBean1.json"), JackBean1.class);
        System.out.println(newFriend);

        //集合的映射解析
        System.out.println("--------------集合解析------------");
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        map.put("age", 25);
        map.put("name", "yitian");
        map.put("interests", new String[]{"pc games", "music"});

        text = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
        System.out.println(text);

        Map<String, Object> map2 = mapper.readValue(text, new TypeReference<Map<String, Object>>() {
        });
        System.out.println(map2);

        JsonNode root = mapper.readTree(text);
        String name = root.get("name").asText();
        int age = root.get("age").asInt();
        System.out.println("name:" + name + " age:" + age);
    }

4.注解

//        @JsonProperty	用于属性,把属性的名称序列化时转换为另外一个名称。示例:
//        @JsonProperty("birth_ d ate")
//        private Date birthDate;

//        @JsonFormat	用于属性或者方法,把属性的格式序列化时转换成指定的格式。示例:
//        @JsonFormat(timezone = "GMT+8", pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm")
//        public Date getBirthDate()

//        @JsonPropertyOrder	用于类, 指定属性在序列化时 json 中的顺序 , 示例:
//        @JsonPropertyOrder({ "birth_Date", "name" })
//        public class Person

//        @JsonCreator	用于构造方法,和 @JsonProperty 配合使用,适用有参数的构造方法。 示例:
//        @JsonCreator
//        public Person(@JsonProperty("name")String name) {…}

//        @JsonAnySetter	用于属性或者方法,设置未反序列化的属性名和值作为键值存储到 map 中
//        @JsonAnySetter
//        public void set(String key, Object value) {
//            map.put(key, value);
//        }

//        @JsonAnyGetter	用于方法 ,获取所有未序列化的属性
//        public Map<String, Object> any() { return map; }


@Builder
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor                 //无参构造
@AllArgsConstructor                //有参构造
@JsonRootName("jackBean2")
@JsonIgnoreProperties({"bak"})
@JsonPropertyOrder({ "id", "name","birth" })
public class JackBean2 implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4075203235870637427L;

    @JsonProperty("ID")
    private Integer id;

    @JsonProperty("Name")
    private String name;

    @JsonProperty("Birthday")
    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-DD")
    private Date birth;

    @JsonIgnore
    private Boolean deleted;

    private String bak;

5.案例

springMVC 配置jackson
    <!--start:使用Jackson 1.x的配置,需要导入的jar包:jackson-core-lpgl-xxx.jar、jackson-mapper-lgpl-xxx.jar -->
<bean class ="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" >
    <property name="messageConverters">
        <list>
            <!-- 设置返回字符串编码,避免使用@ResponseBody后返回乱码 -->
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <property name = "supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
            <!-- json转换器 -->
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" >
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>

        </list>
    </property>
</bean>
<!--end:使用Jackson 1.x的配置,需要导入的jar包:jackson-core-lpgl-xxx.jar、jackson-mapper-lgpl-xxx.jar -->
<!--start:使用Jackson 2.x的配置,需要导入的jar包:jackson-core-xxx.jar、jackson-annotations-xxx.jar、jackson-databind-xxx.jar-->
<!--通过处理器映射DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping来开启支持@Controller注解-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping" />
<!--通过处理器适配器AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter来开启支持@RequestMapping注解-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
    <property name="messageConverters">
        <list>
            <!-- 设置返回字符串编码 -->
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <property name = "supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
            <!-- json转换器 -->
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>
<!--end:使用Jackson 2.x的配置,需要导入的jar包:jackson-core-xxx.jar、jackson-annotations-xxx.jar、jackson-databind-xxx.jar-->
    
springboot 配置jackson
spring.jackson.date-format指定日期格式,比如yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,或者具体的格式化类的全限定名
spring.jackson.deserialization是否开启Jackson的反序列化
spring.jackson.generator是否开启json的generators.
spring.jackson.joda-date-time-format指定Joda date/time的格式,比如yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss). 如果没有配置的话,dateformat会作为backup
spring.jackson.locale指定json使用的Locale.
spring.jackson.mapper是否开启Jackson通用的特性.
spring.jackson.parser是否开启jackson的parser特性.
spring.jackson.property-naming-strategy指定PropertyNamingStrategy(CAMEL_CASE_TO_LOWER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES)或者指定PropertyNamingStrategy子类的全限定类名.
spring.jackson.serialization是否开启jackson的序列化.
spring.jackson.serialization-inclusion指定序列化时属性的inclusion方式,具体查看JsonInclude.Include枚举.
spring.jackson.time-zone指定日期格式化时区,比如America/Los_Angeles或者GMT+10.

FastJson

1.引入maven

<!--        fastjson-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
	<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
	<version>1.2.68</version>
</dependency>

2.序列化

 Date date = new Date();
    FastBean1 f11 = new FastBean1(null, "张三", date, null, null);
    FastBean1 f12 = new FastBean1(2, "李四", date, true, "ok");
    FastBean2 f21 = new FastBean2(2, "李四", date, true, "ok");
    FastBean3 f31 = new FastBean3(1, "李四", date, true, "ok");

    //        **2.序列化**
    @Test
    public void test21() {
        //    java对象
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("不加默认值", JSON.toJSONString(f11));
        map.put("字符空值转null", JSON.toJSONString(f11, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue));

        map.put("字符空值转''", JSON.toJSONString(f11, SerializerFeature.WriteNullStringAsEmpty));
        map.put("数值空值转0", JSON.toJSONString(f11, SerializerFeature.WriteNullNumberAsZero));
        map.put("布尔空值false", JSON.toJSONString(f11, SerializerFeature.WriteNullBooleanAsFalse));
        map.put("时间类型格式化", JSON.toJSONString(f11, SerializerFeature.WriteDateUseDateFormat));

        map.put("格式化输出", JSON.toJSONString(f11, SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue, SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat));
        for (String key : map.keySet()) {
            System.out.println(key + " \t:: \t" + map.get(key));

        }

    }

    @Test
    public void test22() {
//    list集合
        List<FastBean1> list = new ArrayList<FastBean1>();
        list.add(f11);
        list.add(f12);
        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(list));
    }

    @Test
    public void test23() {
//    map
        Map<String, FastBean1> map = new HashMap<String, FastBean1>();
        map.put("f11", f11);
        map.put("f12", f12);

        System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(map));
    }

3.反序列化(解析)


    //        **3.反序列化(解析)**
    @Test
    public void test31() {
        //    java对象
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(f11);
        System.out.println("json字符: \t" + jsonString);

        FastBean1 fastBean1 = JSON.parseObject(jsonString, FastBean1.class);
        System.out.println("java对象: \t" + fastBean1);
    }

    @Test
    public void test32() {
        //    list集合
        List<FastBean1> list = new ArrayList<FastBean1>();
        list.add(f11);
        list.add(f12);
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(list);

        List<FastBean1> list1 = JSON.parseArray(jsonString, FastBean1.class);
        for (FastBean1 fastBean1 : list1) {
            System.out.println(fastBean1);
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void test33() {
        //    map
        Map<String, FastBean1> map = new HashMap<String, FastBean1>();
        map.put("f11", f11);
        map.put("f12", f12);
        String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(map);

        Map<String, FastBean1> map1 = JSON.parseObject(jsonString, new TypeReference<Map<String, FastBean1>>() {
        });

        for (String key : map1.keySet()) {
            System.out.println(key + " \t:" + map1.get(key));
        }
    }

4.注解

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class FastBean2 implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4075203235870637427L;
    //        JSONField可作用方法,参数,成员变量上
//        name 指定名称
//        ordinal 指定顺序
//        format 指定格式
//        serialize 指定是否序列化
//        deserialize 指定是否反序列化
//        serialzeFeatures 枚举类指定序列化格式

    //指定输出字段名,和序列化 serialize/deserialize,ordinal顺序,format格式
    @JSONField(name = "ID", ordinal = 1)
    private int id;

    @JSONField(name = "USERNAME", ordinal = 2)
    private String name;

    @JSONField(name = "BIRTH", format = "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss", ordinal = 4)
    private Date birth;

    @JSONField(name = "deleted", ordinal = 3)
    private Boolean deleted;

    @JSONField(serialize = false)
    private String bak;

}


@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
@JSONType(includes = {"id", "name", "birth", "deleted"}, orders = {"id", "name", "deleted", "birth", "bak"}, ignores = {"name"})
public class FastBean3 implements Serializable {
    //        JSONType作用在类上
//        includes 需要序列化的字段
//        orders 指定序列化顺序
//        ignores 忽略字段(在includes未配置的时候生效)
//        serialzeFeatures 枚举类指定序列化格式
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4075203235870637427L;

    private int id;

    private String name;

    private Date birth;

    @JSONField(serialize = true)  //JSONField和JSONType指定序列化有。优先执行JSONTyp,在之前的基础上再执行JSONField
    private Boolean deleted;

    private String bak;
}

5.案例

1.springMVC 用 fastjson
   <!-- 开启mvc注解并设置编码格式,并且设置Fastjson支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
	<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
		<!-- @ResponseBody乱码问题,将StringHttpMessageConverter的默认编码设为UTF-8 -->
		<bean id="stringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
			<constructor-arg value="UTF-8" index="0"/>
		</bean>
		<!-- 配置Fastjson支持 -->
		<bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
			<property name="charset" value="UTF-8" />
			<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
				<list>
					<value>application/json</value>
					<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
				</list>
			</property>
			<property name="features">
				<list>
					<value>QuoteFieldNames</value>
					<value>WriteMapNullValue</value>
					<value>WriteDateUseDateFormat</value>
					<value>WriteEnumUsingToString</value>
					<value>DisableCircularReferenceDetect</value>
				</list>
			</property>
		</bean>
	</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--  
FastjsonSerializerFeature序列化属性:
QuoteFieldNames	输出key时是否使用双引号,默认为true
WriteMapNullValue	是否输出值为null的字段,默认为false
WriteNullNumberAsZero	数值字段如果为null,输出为0,而非null
WriteNullListAsEmpty	List字段如果为null,输出为[],而非null
WriteNullStringAsEmpty	字符类型字段如果为null,输出为”“,而非null
WriteNullBooleanAsFalse	Boolean字段如果为null,输出为false,而非null
WriteDateUseDateFormat	Date的日期转换器
DisableCircularReferenceDetect	解决FastJson循环引用的问题避免出现{"$ref":"$.rows[0].user"}
-->

    
2.springBoot 用 fastjson
    
方式一:在启动类中配置
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableScheduling
public class App extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    /**
     * 配置FastJson为方式一
     * @return*/
    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        super.configureMessageConverters(converters);
        /*
         * 1、需要先定义一个convert转换消息的对象 2、添加fastJson的配置信息,比如:是否要格式化返回json数据 3、在convert中添加配置信息
         * 4、将convert添加到converters当中
         * 
         */
        // 1、需要先定义一个·convert转换消息的对象;
        FastJsonHttpMessageConverter fastConverter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter();
        // 2、添加fastjson的配置信息,比如 是否要格式化返回json数据
        FastJsonConfig fastJsonConfig = new FastJsonConfig();
        fastJsonConfig.setSerializerFeatures(SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat);
        // 3、在convert中添加配置信息.
        fastConverter.setFastJsonConfig(fastJsonConfig);
        // 4、将convert添加到converters当中.
        converters.add(fastConverter);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
    }
}
    
方式二:通过@Bean方式注入

/**
 * fastJson替换JackJson
 */
@Configuration
public class HttpConverterConfig {
    @Bean
    public HttpMessageConverters fastJsonHttpMessageConverters() {
        // 1.定义一个converters转换消息的对象
        FastJsonHttpMessageConverter fastConverter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter();
        // 2.添加fastjson的配置信息,比如: 是否需要格式化返回的json数据
        FastJsonConfig fastJsonConfig = new FastJsonConfig();
        fastJsonConfig.setSerializerFeatures(SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat);
        // 3.在converter中添加配置信息
        fastConverter.setFastJsonConfig(fastJsonConfig);
        //处理中文乱码问题
        List<MediaType> oFastMediaTypeList = new ArrayList<>();
        oFastMediaTypeList.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        fastConverter.setSupportedMediaTypes(oFastMediaTypeList);
        // 4.将converter赋值给HttpMessageConverter
        HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = fastConverter;
        // 5.返回HttpMessageConverters对象
        return new HttpMessageConverters(converter);
    }
}

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