这个是以前老师传给我的,没有全部试过,只是用到哪个才会使用,如有错误,大家自行更改
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Oracle常用数据字典表
1、 查看当前用户的缺省表空间SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;2、 查看当前用户的角色SQL>select * from user_role_privs;3、 查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;4、 查看用户下所有的表SQL>select * from user_tables;5、 查看用户下所有的表的列属性SQL>select * from USER_TAB_COLUMNS where table_name=:table_Name;6、 显示用户信息(所属表空间)select default_tablespace, temporary_tablespacefrom dba_users www.2cto.comwhere username = 'GAME';7、 显示当前会话所具有的权限SQL>select * from session_privs;8、 显示指定用户所具有的系统权限SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GAME';9、 显示特权用户select * from v$pwfile_users;10、 显示用户信息(所属表空间)select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespacefrom dba_users where username='GAME';11、 显示用户的PROFILEselect profile from dba_users where username='GAME';
2 表
1、 查看用户下所有的表SQL>select * from user_tables;2、 查看名称包含log字符的表SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objectswhere instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;3、 查看某表的创建时间SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper('&table_name');4、 查看某表的大小SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segmentswhere segment_name=upper('&table_name');5、 查看放在Oracle的内存区里的表SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
3 索引
1、 查看索引个数和类别SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;2、 查看索引被索引的字段SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');3、 查看索引的大小SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segmentswhere segment_name=upper('&index_name');
4 序列号
1、 查看序列号,last_number是当前值SQL>select * from user_sequences;
5 视图
1、 查看视图的名称SQL>select view_name from user_views;2、 查看创建视图的select语句SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;SQL>set long 2000; 说明:可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
6 同义词
1、 查看同义词的名称SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
7 约束条件 www.2cto.com
1、 查看某表的约束条件SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_namefrom user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_namefrom user_constraints c,user_cons_columns ccwhere c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_nameorder by cc.position;
8 存储函数和过程
1、 查看函数和过程的状态SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';2、 查看函数和过程的源代码SQL>select text from all_source where owner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
9 常用的数据字典:
dba_data_files:通常用来查询关于 数据库文件的信息dba_db_links:包括数据库中的所有数据库链路,也就是databaselinks。dba_extents:数据库中所有分区的信息dba_free_space:所有表空间中的自由分区dba_indexs:关于数据库中所有索引的描述dba_ind_columns:在所有表及聚集上压缩索引的列dba_objects:数据库中所有的对象dba_rollback_segs:回滚段的描述dba_segments:所有数据库段分段的存储空间dba_synonyms:关于同义词的信息查询dba_tables:数据库中所有数据表的描述dba_tabespaces:关于表空间的信息dba_tab_columns:所有表描述、视图以及聚集的列dba_tab_grants/privs:对象所授予的权限dba_ts_quotas:所有用户表空间限额dba_users:关于数据的所有用户的信息dba_views:数据库中所有视图的文本
10 常用的动态性能视图:
11 触发器v$datafile:数据库使用的数据文件信息v$librarycache:共享池中SQL语句的管理信息v$lock:通过访问数据库会话,设置对象锁的所有信息v$log:从控制文件中提取有关重做日志组的信息v$logfile有关实例重置日志组文件名及其位置的信息v$parameter:初始化参数文件中所有项的值v$process:当前进程的信息 www.2cto.comv$rollname:回滚段信息v$rollstat:联机回滚段统计信息v$rowcache:内存中数据字典活动/性能信息v$session:有关会话的信息v$sesstat:在v$session中报告当前会话的统计信息v$sqlarea:共享池中使用当前光标的统计信息,光标是一块内存区域,有Oracle处理SQL语句时打开。v$statname:在v$sesstat中报告各个统计的含义v$sysstat:基于当前操作会话进行的系统统计v$waitstat:出现一个以上会话访问数据库的数据时的详细情况。当有一个以上的会话访问同一信息时,可出现等待情况。
select * from user_triggers; 查询当前用户的所有触发器
drop trigger trig_update_sal; 删除触发器
alter trigger trig_update_sal disable; 禁用触发器alter trigger trig_update_sal enable; 使能触发器
alter table emp disable all triggers; 禁用某个表上的所有触发器alter table emp enable all triggers;使能 某个表上的所有触发器
12 常用SQL查询:
1、查看表空间的名称及大小select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_sizefrom dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files dwhere t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_namegroup by t.tablespace_name;2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_spacefrom dba_data_filesorder by tablespace_name;3、查看回滚段名称及大小select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,max_extents, v.curext CurExtentFrom dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat vWhere r.segment_id = v.usn(+)order by segment_name;www.2cto.com4、查看控制文件select name from v$controlfile;5、查看日志文件select member from v$logfile;6、查看表空间的使用情况select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_namefrom dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name;SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE CWHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;7、查看数据库库对象select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;8、查看数据库的版本Select version FROM Product_component_versionWhere SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;10、捕捉运行很久的SQLcolumn username format a12column opname format a16column progress format a8select username,sid,opname,round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,time_remaining,sql_textfrom v$session_longops , v$sqlwhere time_remaining <> 0and sql_address = addressand sql_hash_value = hash_value11。查看数据表的参数信息SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,last_analyzedFROM dba_tab_partitions--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :townerORDER BY partition_position12.查看还没提交的事务select * from v$locked_object;select * from v$transaction;13。查找object为哪些进程所用select www.2cto.comp.spid,s.sid,s.serial# serial_num,s.username user_name,a.type object_type,s.osuser os_user_name,a.owner,a.object object_name,decode(sign(48 - command),1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,p.program oracle_process,s.terminal terminal,s.program program,s.status session_statusfrom v$session s, v$access a, v$process pwhere s.paddr = p.addr ands.type = 'USER' anda.sid = s.sid anda.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'order by s.username, s.osuser14。回滚段查看select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extentsExtents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name andv$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum15。耗资源的进程(top session)select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, statussession_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process pwhere st.sid = s.sid and st.statisti c# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc www.2cto.com16。查看锁(lock)情况select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX','Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name17。查看等待(wait)情况SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_valueFROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets','consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count18。查看sga情况SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC19。查看catched objectSELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache20。查看V$SQLAREASELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA21。查看object分类数量select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity fromsys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from22。按用户查看object种类select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order bysys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$23。有关connection的相关信息1)查看有哪些用户连接select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_numfrom v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'order by s.username, s.osuser2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select n.name, www.2cto.comv.value,n.class,n.statistic#from v$statname n,v$sesstat vwhere v.sid = 71 andv.statistic# = n.statistic#order by n.class, n.statistic#3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */command_type,sql_text,sharable_mem,persistent_mem,runtime_mem,sorts,version_count,loaded_versions,open_versions,users_opening,executions,users_executing,loads,first_load_time,invalidations,parse_calls,disk_reads,buffer_gets,rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time,'>' || address sql_address,'N' statusfrom v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况select n.name,v.value,n.class,n.statistic#from v$statname n,v$sesstat vwhere v.sid = 71 andv.statistic# = n.statistic#order by n.class, n.statistic#3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sqlselect /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */command_type,sql_text,sharable_mem,persistent_mem,runtime_mem,sorts,version_count,loaded_versions,open_versions,users_opening,executions,users_executing,loads,first_load_time,invalidations,parse_calls,disk_reads,buffer_gets,rows_processed,sysdate start_time,sysdate finish_time,'>' || address sql_address,'N' status www.2cto.comfrom v$sqlareawhere address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)24.查询表空间使用情况select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",Largest "最大扩展段(M)",to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"from (select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytesfrom dba_data_files fgroup by tablespace_name) a,(select f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes) bytes_freefrom dba_free_space fgroup by tablespace_name) b,(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,ts.name tablespace_namefrom sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ tswhere ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#group by ts.name, tf.blocks) cwhere a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name25. 查询表空间的碎片程度select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_namehaving count(tablespace_name)>10;alter tablespace name coalesce;alter table name deallocate unused;create or replace view ts_blocks_v asselect tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space www.2cto.comunion allselect tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;select * from ts_blocks_v;select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name;26。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行select inst_name from v$active_instances;//取得服务器的IP 地址select utl_inaddr.get_host_address from dual//取得客户端的IP地址select sys_context('userenv','host'),sys_context('userenv','ip_address') from dual