第11章--动态内存分配

1、请你尝试编写calloc函数，函数内部使用malloc函数来获取内存。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

void *mycalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);

void main(void)
{
	char *p;

	p = mycalloc(10, sizeof(char));
	printf("calloc: %s\n", p);
}

void *mycalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
{
	void *pm;

	if (nmemb == 0 || size == 0)
		return NULL;

	pm = malloc(nmemb * size);
	if (pm == NULL)
		return NULL;
	memset(pm, 0, nmemb * size);

	return pm;
}

2、编写一个函数，从标准输入读取一列整数，把这些值存储于一个动态分配的数组中并返回这个数组，函数通过观察EOF判断输入是否结束，数组的第一个数是数组包含的值的个数，它的后面就是这些整数值。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define DELTA   100

int *read();

void main()
{
	int *p;

	p = read();
	free(p);
}

int *read()
{
	int count;
	int value;
	int *array;
	int size;

	count = 0;
	size = DELTA;
	array = malloc((size + 1) * sizeof(int));
	if (array == NULL)
		return NULL;
	
	printf("please input some number: ");
	while (scanf("%d", &value)) {
		if (value == 0)
			break;
		array[++count] = value;
		if (count >= size) {
			size += DELTA;
			array = realloc(array, (size + 1) * sizeof(int));
			if (array == NULL)
				return NULL;
		}
	}

	if (count < size) {
		array = realloc(array, (count + 1) * sizeof(int));
		if (array == NULL)
			return NULL;
	}
	array[0] = count;

	printf("number count: %d\n", array[0]);
	for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++)
		printf("number %d: %d\n", i, array[i]);
	
	return array;
}

3、编写一个函数，从标准输入读取一个字符串，把字符串复制到动态内存分配的内存中，并返回该字符串的拷贝，这个函数不应该对读入字符串的长度作任何限制。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define DELTA   100

char *readstr();

void main()
{
	char *string;
	
	if (string = readstr())
		printf("read string success: %s\n", string);
	else
		printf("read string fail");

	free(string);
}

char *readstr()
{
	char ch;
	int count;
	char *str;
	int size;

	count = 0;
	size = DELTA;
	str = malloc(size * sizeof(char));
	if (str == NULL)
		return NULL;

	printf("please input string: ");
	while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n') {
		str[count++] = ch;
		if (count >= size) {
			size += DELTA;
			str = realloc(str, size * sizeof(char));
			if (str == NULL)
				return NULL;
		}
	}

	if (size < count) {
		str = realloc(str, count *sizeof(char));
		if (str == NULL)
			return NULL;
	}

	return str;
}

4、编写一个程序，创建一个链表，包含一个链表头和三个动态分配的对象。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct list{
	int data;
	struct list *next;
} List;

List *create_list(int count);
void print_list(List *head);

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	static List *head;

	if (argc != 2) {
		printf("Error! Please input 2 parameter.\n");
		return 0;
	}
		
	head = create_list(atoi(argv[1]));
	if (head == NULL)
		printf("Create list fail.\n");
	else {
		printf("Create list seccess.\n");
		print_list(head);
	}

	return 0;
}

List *create_list(int count)
{
	int i;
	List *head;
	List *next;

	if (count <= 0)
		return NULL;

	head = malloc(sizeof(List));
	if (head == NULL)
		return NULL;
	head->data = 5;
	next = head;
	
	for (i = 1; i < count; i++) {
		next->next = malloc(sizeof(List));
		next = next->next;
		if (next == NULL)
			return NULL;
		next->data = 5 * (i + 1);
	}
	next = NULL;

	return head;
}

void print_list(List *head)
{
	List *next;

	printf("list: %d", head->data);
	next = head->next;
	while (next != NULL) {
		printf("->%d", next->data);
		next = next->next;
	}		
	printf("\n");
}