Request:
-
request 和 response 的原理
1. request 和 response 对象是由服务器创建的
2. request 对象是来获取请求消息, response 对象是来设置响应消息 -
request 的继承结构
ServletRequest --接口
HTTPServletRequest – 接口
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequstFacade 类(Tomcat) -
request 功能:
- 获取请求消息
-
获取请求行数据
GET /demo01?name=1 HTTP/1.1
方法:
1. 获取请求方式: getMethod
2. 获取虚拟目录: getContextPath
3. 获取Servlet路径:getServletPath
4. 获取get方式的请求参数: getQueryString
5. 获取请求的url:getRequestURI, getRequestURL
6. 获取协议及版本:getProtocal
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:getRemoteAddr -
获取请求头数据
- 方法
- getHeader(String name): 通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
- getHeaderNames(): 获取所有请求头的名称
- 方法
-
获取请求体数据
- 请求头:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
- 步骤
- 获取流对象
- BufferReader getReader() : 获取字符数据流
- ServletInputStream getInputSteam(): 获取字节流
- 从流对象中获取数据
- 获取流对象
-
- 其他功能
- 获取请求参数通用方式
1.String getParameter(String name): 根据参数名称获取参数值
2. String[] = getParameterValues(String name): 根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
3. getParamterNames(): 获取所有请求参数的名称
4. getParameterMap():获取所有请求参数的集合 - 请求转发: 一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
-
步骤:
- 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象getRequestDispatcher
- 使用 RequestDispatcher 对象来进行转发: forward(requset, response)
-
特点
- 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
- 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中
- 转发是一次请求
-
- 共享数据
- 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
- request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
- 方法
- setAttribute 存储数据
- getAttribute 通过键获取值
- removerAttribute 通过键移除键值对
- 获取对象ServletContext
- getServletContext
- 获取请求参数通用方式
- 中文乱码问题:
- get方式: Tomcat 8 已经将get请求的乱码问题解决
- post请求 (会乱码):
- 解决:在获取参数前,设置request编码。
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
- 解决:在获取参数前,设置request编码。
- 获取请求消息
- 获取请求行
String method = request.getMethod();
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
String queryString = request.getQueryString();
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
String protocol = request.getProtocol();
String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
- 获取请求头
Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = headerNames.nextElement();
String value = request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name + "--------" + value);
}
- 获取请求体
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取请求消息体 - 请求参数
BufferedReader reader = request.getReader();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
- 获取请求参数的通用方法
package com.ybs.web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 获取请求消息体 - 请求参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
// System.out.println("POST---------"+username);
// 根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
/*for (String hobby : hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby);
}*/
// 获取所有请求的参数名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
/*while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value = request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("-----------");
}*/
// 获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
Set<String> keySet = parameterMap.keySet();
for (String name : keySet) {
System.out.println(name);
String[] strings = parameterMap.get(name);
for (String value : strings) {
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("---*********------");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("GET---------"+username);*/
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 请求转发
package com.ybs.web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/RequestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo666被访问了..............");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
案例:用户登录
* 用户登录案例需求:
1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误
* 分析
* 开发步骤
1. 创建项目,导入html页面,配置文件,jar包
2. 创建数据库环境
CREATE DATABASE day14;
USE day14;
CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
);
- 创建包 com.ybs.domain;创建类User
package com.ybs.domain;
/**
* @author Paulson
* @date 2019/10/22 19:43
* 用户的实体类
*/
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- com.ybs.util ,编写工具类JDBCUtils
package com.ybs.util;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
/*
JDBC工具类
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static String url;
private static String user;
private static String password;
private static String driver;
private static DataSource ds;
static {
try {
// 1. 加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
// 使用ClassLoader加载配置文件,获取字节输入流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);
// 2. 初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 获取连接池对象
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
// 获取连接Connection对象
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
}
- 创建包com.ybs.dao;,创建类UserDao,提供login方法
package com.ybs.dao;
import com.ybs.domain.User;
import com.ybs.util.JDBCUtils;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
/**
* @author Paulson
* @date 2019/10/22 19:46
* 操作数据库中User表的类
*/
public class UserDao {
// 声明JDBCTemplate对象共用
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
/**
* 登录方法
* @param loginUser 只有用户名和密码
* @return 包含用户全部数据
*/
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
// 1. 编写sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
// 2. 调用query方法
User user = template.queryForObject(sql,
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),
loginUser.getUsername(),
loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); // 记录日志
return null;
}
}
}
- 编写com.ybs.web.servlet.LoginServlet类
login.html form 表单的action路径的写法
* 虚拟目录 + Servlet 的资源路径
package com.ybs.web.servlet;
import com.ybs.dao.UserDao;
import com.ybs.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author Paulson
* @date 2019/10/22 20:44
*/
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
// 2. 获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
// 3. 封装user对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);
// 4. 调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);
// 5. 判断user
if (user == null){
// 登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("failServlet").forward(req, resp);
}else {
// 登录成功
// 存储数据
req.setAttribute("user", user);
// 转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("successServlet").forward(req, resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req, resp);
}
}
- 编写FailServlet和SuccessServlet类
package com.ybs.web.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 给页面写一句话
// 设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// 输出
response.getWriter().write("登录失败,用户名或密码错误");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
package com.ybs.web.servlet;
import com.ybs.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取request域中共享的user对象
User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user");
if(user!=null){
// 给页面写一句话
// 设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// 输出
response.getWriter().write("登录成功!"+user.getUsername()+",欢迎你");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
-
login.html中form表单的action路径的写法
* 虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径 -
BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装
- 用于封装JavaBean的
-
JavaBean:标准的Java类
- 要求:
- 类必须被public修饰
- 必须提供空参的构造器
- 成员变量必须使用private修饰
- 提供公共setter和getter方法
- 功能:封装数据
- 要求:
-
概念:
成员变量:
属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物
例如:getUsername() --> Username–> username -
方法:
1. setProperty()
2. getProperty()
3. populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中
package com.ybs.web.servlet;
import com.ybs.dao.UserDao;
import com.ybs.domain.User;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author Paulson
* @date 2019/10/22 20:44
*/
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
/* 使用一般方法
// 2. 获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
// 3. 封装user对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);*/
// 使用BeanUtils
// 2. 获取所有请求参数
Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
// 3. 创建User对象
User loginUser = new User();
// 3.2 使用BeanUtils封装
try {
BeanUtils.populate(loginUser, map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 4. 调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);
// 5. 判断user
if (user == null){
// 登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("failServlet").forward(req, resp);
}else {
// 登录成功
// 存储数据
req.setAttribute("user", user);
// 转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("successServlet").forward(req, resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req, resp);
}
}