[Redis 学习笔记一] Redis 的10 大数据类型

redis 7 详细安装步骤请至https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38534887/article/details/131014996

1. 字符串

1.0 用途

1. 点赞, 给id为1000的文章点赞, 数量 + 1

127.0.0.1:6379> set article-count:1000 999
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> incr article-count:1000
(integer) 1000
127.0.0.1:6379> get article-count:1000
"1000"

1.1 设置过期时间

127.0.0.1:6379> set a 12 ex 60   # 通过过 ex 设置过期时间
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl a
(integer) 57
127.0.0.1:6379> set a 23         # 如果这样设置之后,就会导致给a设置无限长时间
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl a
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> set a 99 keepttl # 这样的话设置新的值之后不会更改过期时间, 保持>原来的过期时间
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl a
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl a
(integer) 1

1.2 设置多值

127.0.0.1:6379> mset a 1 b 2 c 3
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> mget a b c
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"

1.3 范围获取/设置

127.0.0.1:6379> set a 1234567890
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> getrange a 1 2
"23"
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange a 1 p
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> get a
"1p34567890"
127.0.0.1:6379> getrange a 0 1			  # 根据索引来获取字符串
"1p"
127.0.0.1:6379> substr a 0 1              # 该方法已弃用,不推荐使用, 推荐使用 getrange
"1p"

1.4 递增/递减

127.0.0.1:6379> get b
"120"
127.0.0.1:6379> incr b
(integer) 121
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby b 3                # 3 为 递增间隔
(integer) 124
127.0.0.1:6379> decr b
(integer) 123
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby b 3				  # 3 为递减间隔
(integer) 120

1.5 获取长度 / 追加

127.0.0.1:6379> get a
"1p34567890"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen a                  # 获取长度
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> append a ppp              # 末尾追加 ppp
(integer) 13
127.0.0.1:6379> get a
"1p34567890ppp"

1.6 分布式锁(setnx / set xx)

127.0.0.1:6379> get a
"1p34567890ppp"
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx a 22               # a 存在设置不成功
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> del a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx a 11111      		# a 不存在设置成功
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> del a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> set a 333 nx 			# setnx 也可以合并在一起操作, 不存在设置成功,存在不设置
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set a 444 nx 			# 存在继续设置,就设置不了
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> get a
"11111"
127.0.0.1:6379> set a 222222 xx			# a 存在 设置成功, 与 nx 相反
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get a
"222222"

1.7 获取并且设置

127.0.0.1:6379> set a 11111
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> getset a 22222 			# 返回原先的值,在重新设置新的值
"11111"

2. list

2.0 用途,订阅公众号

查看微信订阅号的信息,可以使用, 比如我订阅了两个 id为 1 和 2的公众号

127.0.0.1:6379> lpush gzh:uid 1 2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange gzh:uid 0 -1
1) "2"
2) "1"

2.1 添加 (lpush, rpush)-----注意添加顺序

127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list 1 5 2 3					# 从左边开始添加
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0  -1					
1) "3"
2) "2"
3) "5"
4) "1"

---------------------------------------------------(rpush)
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush l1 6 4 2						# 注意添加顺序和 获取顺序, 不一致, 2 最后添加
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "2"
2) "4"
3) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> rrange rlist 0 -1
(error) ERR unknown command 'rrange', with args beginning with: 'rlist' '0' '-1'

2.2 获取 (lrange , lindex-索引获取 , llen-获取长度)

127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list 1 5 2 3
(integer) 8
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange rlist 0 -1					# 获取list 中元素, 没有rrange
1) "3"
2) "3"
3) "4"
4) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> rrange rlist 0 -1					# 没有 rrange命令
(error) ERR unknown command 'rrange', with args beginning with: 'rlist' '0' '-1'

---------------------------------------------------(lindex) 通过索引获取值
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "6"
2) "5"
3) "4"
4) "3"
5) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 1					    # 通过索引获取
"5"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 0
"6"
---------------------------------------------------(llen) 通过索引获取值

2.3 删除 (lpop, rpop, lrem -删除 几次这样的值)

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "3"
2) "2"
3) "5"
4) "1"
5) "3"
6) "2"
7) "5"
8) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list 1							# 从左边 删除 1 个元素
1) "3"

---------------------------------------------------(rpop)
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "3"
2) "2"
3) "5"
4) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop list 3						# 从右边开始删除 3 个元素	
1) "1"
2) "5"
3) "2"
---------------------------------------------------(lrem  删除指定值,几次)
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "6"
2) "5"
3) "4"
4) "3"
5) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 1 3					# 删除 list 中 1次 等于3的值
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1				
1) "6"
2) "5"
3) "4"
4) "3"

2.4 修改 (ltrim, rpoplpush, lset, linsert)

---------------------------------------------------(ltrim)
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "6"
2) "5"
3) "4"
4) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim list 0 2    		# 截取 索引 0 - 2 重新复制给 list 
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "6"
2) "5"
3) "4"
---------------------------------------------------(rpoplpush, 弹出第一个键的最右边元素, 放入到第二个键的最左边)
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "2"
2) "4"
3) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
1) "1"
2) "3"
3) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush l1 l2
"6"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "2"
2) "4">
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l2 0 -1
1) "6"
2) "1"
3) "3"
4) "5"
---------------------------------------------------(lset, 修改指定位置的值)
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "2"
2) "4"
3) "6"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset l1 0 0				# 设置 l1 下标0位置的值 为 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "0"
2) "4"
3) "6"
---------------------------------------------------(lisnert, 在指定元素之前或者之后添加值)
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "1"
2) "3"
3) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert l1 before 3 9	# 在l1 的3 元素之前添加 9
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert l1 after 3 9	# 在l1 的3 元素之后添加 9
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange l1 0 -1
1) "1"
2) "9"
3) "3"
4) "9"
5) "5">

3HASH

3.0 用途 — 购物车

新增商品 → hset shopcar:uid1024 334488 1
新增商品 → hset shopcar:uid1024 334477 1
增加商品数量 → hincrby shopcar:uid1024 334477 1
商品总数 → hlen shopcar:uid1024
全部选择 → hgetall shopcar:uid1024

3.1 添加(hset, hmset(弃用),hsetnx)

3.1.1 hset

---------------------------------------------------(hmset: 返回添加字段数量)
127.0.0.1:6379> hset user name lvdou age 19
(integer) 2

3.1.2 hmset — 弃用

---------------------------------------------------(hmset: 返回 OK, 4.0版本已经弃用,不推荐)
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset user2 name lvdou2 age 20
OK

3.1.3 hsetnx —不存在才设置

127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx user school xuexiao
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx user school xuexiao
(integer) 0

3.2 获取(hget, hmget,hgetall,hkeys hvals, hlen)

3.2.1 hget

127.0.0.1:6379> hget user name
"lvdou"

---

3.2.2 hmget

127.0.0.1:6379> hmget user name age 
1) "lvdou"
2) "19"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "name"
2) "lvdou"
3) "age"
4) "19"

---

3.2.3 hkeys

127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys user
1) "name"
2) "age"

---

3.2.4 hvals

127.0.0.1:6379> hvals user
1) "lvdou"
2) "19"

---

3.2.5 hgetall

127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "name"
2) "lvdou"
3) "age"
4) "20"
5) "address"
6) "jiangsu"
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen user
(integer) 3

3.3 删除(hdel)

---------------------------------------------------(hdel: 删除指定键)
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "name"
2) "lvdou"
3) "age"
4) "19"
127.0.0.1:6379> hdel user age
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "name"
2) "lvdou"

---

3.5 修改(hincrby , hincrbyfloat)

127.0.0.1:6379> hget user age
"20"
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby user age 1
(integer) 21
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrbyfloat user age 0.5
"21.5"

4 SET

4.0 用途 —

4.0.1 抽奖

描述	命令
1. 用户id, 立即参与按钮	sadd key 用户ID
2. 显示多少人参与	scard key
3. 抽奖(从 set 中随机弹出中奖者)	srandmember key 2 (随机抽取 2人, 可重复, 不删除)
3. 抽奖(从 set 中随机弹出中奖者)	spop key 2 (随机抽取 2人, 不可重复, 删除)

4.0.2 朋友圈点赞

描述	命令
1 新增点赞	smembers s1
2 取消点赞	srem news:id uid1
3 展现所有点赞过的用户	smembers news:id
4 点赞用户数统计，就是常见的点赞红色数字	scard news:id
5 判断某个朋友是否对楼主点赞过	sismember news:id uid

4.0.3 可能认识的人

4.1 添加 (sadd)

4.1.1 sadd

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1  a b b c d
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> del s2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s2 3 2 5 3 1
(integer) 4

4.2 查询 (smembers, sismember, scard, srandmember)

4.2.1 smembers — 查询所有集合元素

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s1
1) "d"
2) "c"
3) "b"
4) "a"

4.2.2 sismember — 判断是是否在集合中

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1  a b b c d
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> del s2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s2 3 2 5 3 1
(integer) 4

4.2.3 sacrd — 查询集合中 元素个数

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1 v1 v2 v3 v4
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> scard s1
(integer) 4

4.2.4 srandmember — 随机获取指定数量的值,不删除

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1 v1 v2 v3 v4
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> scard s1
(integer) 4

4.3 修改

4.4 删除(srem, spop, smove)

4.4.1 srem 删除指定元素

127.0.0.1:6379> srem s1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s1
1) "d"
2) "c"
3) "b"

4.4.2 spop 随机弹出数量的值

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s1
1) "v2"
2) "v1"
3) "v4"
4) "v3"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop s1 2
1) "v3"
2) "v1"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s1
1) "v2"
2) "v4"

4.4.3 smove 移动元素到另一个集合中

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s1
1) "v2"
2) "v4"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s2
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> smove s1 s2 v2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers s2
1) "3"
2) "1"
3) "5"
4) "2"
5) "v2"

4.5 集合运算 (sdiff, sunion,sinter, sintercard)

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1 1 2 3 4 5 6
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s2 2 4 6
(integer) 3

4.5.1 sdiff — 差集

127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff s1 s2
1) "1"
2) "3"
3) "5"

4.5.2 sunion — 并集

127.0.0.1:6379> sunion s1 s2
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
6) "6"

4.5.3 sinter — 交集

127.0.0.1:6379> sinter s1 s2
1) "2"
2) "4"
3) "6"

4.5.4 sintercard --- Redis 7 新命令

sintercard key的数量 集合key1 集合key2 limit 数量

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1 1 3 5 8
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s2 2 4 6 8
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s3 1 2 4 8
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter s1 s2 s3
1) "8"
127.0.0.1:6379> sintercard 3 s1 s2 s3			# 不是返回集体交集元素, 而是个数
(integer) 1>

5 ZSET

5.0 用途 商品销售排行榜

描述	命令
1. 购买商品, 购买1 个gid1, 2个gid2	zadd goods:ph .1 gid1 2 gid2
2. 继续购买,2个gid1	zincrby goods:ph 2 gid1
3. 根据销量排行	zrange goods:ph 0 -1 withscores

5.0.2 元数据

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd z1 3 a 2 b 7 c
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1 withscores
1) "b"
2) "2"
3) "a"
4) "3"
5) "c"
6) "7"

5.1 添加 (zadd )

5.1.1 zadd

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd z1 nx 3 a 2 b 7 c
(integer) 3

5.2 获取 (zrange, zrevrange, zrangebyscore,zscore,zcard ,zcount)

5.2.1 zrange

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1
1) "b"
2) "a"
3) "c">
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1 withscores
1) "b"
2) "2"
3) "a"
4) "3"
5) "c"
6) "7"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1 rev 					# 反序获取
1) "c"
2) "a"
3) "b"

5.2.2 zrevrange – 反序排列

127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange z1 0 -1 withscores		# 反序获取
1) "c"
2) "7"
3) "a"
4) "3"
5) "b"
6) "2"

5.2.3 zrangebyscore – 根据分数范围获取

127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore z1 2 6 withscores		# 返回 2 - 6之间的元素
1) "b"
2) "2"
3) "a"
4) "3"

5.2.4 zscore – 返会元素分数

127.0.0.1:6379> zscore z1 a
"3"

5.2.5 zcount – 返会 范围内元素个数

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1 withscores
1) "a"
2) "1"
3) "b"
4) "2"
5) "c"
6) "7"
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount z1 2 6
(integer) 1

5.2.6 zcard – 获取元素个数

127.0.0.1:6379> zcard z1
(integer) 3

5.2.7 zrank – 获取指定元素的下标

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1 withscores		# a的下标 为0
1) "a"
2) "1"
3) "b"
4) "2"
5) "c"
6) "7"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank z1 a
(integer) 0>

---

5.3 修改 (zincrby)

5.3.1 zincrby — 增加数量

127.0.0.1:6379> zincrby z1 1 a					# 如果a 不存在, 则从 0 开始递增 1
"1"

5.4 删除 (zrem, zmpop)

5.4.1 zrem — 删除指定的值

127.0.0.1:6379> zrem z1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange z1 0 -1
1) "b"
2) "c"

5.4.2 zmpop — 删除指定数量元素, 并且指定 从大到小还是从小到大删除

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd z2 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 f 6 e
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> zmpop 1个集合 集合名称 要弹出的是从最大的还是最小的开始 count 弹出的数量
127.0.0.1:6379> zmpop 1 z2 min count 2
1) "z2"
2) 1) 1) "a"
     2) "1"
  2) 1) "b"
     2) "2"
127.0.0.1:6379> zmpop 1 z2 max count 2
1) "z2"
2) 1) 1) "e"
     2) "6"
  2) 1) "f"
     2) "5">

5 GEO

5.0 用途

5.0 用途

5.1 增加