C#学习(二)——面向对象:入门

一、类、对象与实例

每个对象都是某个的一个实例
创建一个对象的过程就是实例化,实例化的产物为实例、或叫做对象

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point();
	a.x = 15;
	a.y = 20;
	DrawPoint(a);
	
	return;
}

public class Point
{
	public int x;
	public int y;
}

public static void DrawPoint(Point point) =>
	Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{point.x}, y:{point.y}");

二、对象聚合

高内聚,低耦合

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point();
	a.x = 15;
	a.y = 20;
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point();
	b.x = 12;
	b.y = 30;
	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Console.Read();

	return;
}

public class Point
{
	public int x;
	public int y;

	public void DrawPoint() =>
		Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");

	public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
		Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
}

三、构造方法与方法重载

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point(15, 10);
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point(22, 10);

	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Console.Read();

	return;
}

public class Point
{
	public int x;
	public int y;

	public Point()//构造方法
	{
		this.x = 15;
		this.y = 10;
	}

	public Point(int x, int y)//方法重载1
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}

	public Point(int x)//方法重载2
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = 20;
	}

	public void DrawPoint() =>
		Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");

	public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
		Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
}

四、字段、属性与封装

当对x,y进行private保护时,如果需要对x的值进行检查(例如不能为负数)

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point(15, 10);
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point(22, 10);

	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Point point = new Point(25, 50);
	point.SetX(30);


	Console.Read();

	return;
}

public class Point
{
	private int x;
	private int y;
	
	//封装x,y
	public void SetX(int value)
	{
		if(value < 0)
		{
			throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
		}
		this,x = value;
	}

	public int GetX()=> this,x;

	public void SetY(int value)
	{
		if(value < 0)
		{
			throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
		}
		this,y = value;
	}

	public int GetY()=> this,y;

	public Point()//构造方法
	{
		this.x = 15;
		this.y = 10;
	}

	public Point(int x, int y)//方法重载1
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}

	public Point(int x)//方法重载2
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = 20;
	}

	public void DrawPoint() =>
		Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");

	public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
		Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
}

使用属性对代码进行简化,使用“getter,setter懒人包”

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point(15, 10);
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point(22, 10);

	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Point point = new Point(25, 50);
	point.X = 30;


	Console.Read();

	return;
}

public class Point
{
	//定义属性x
	private int x;
	public int X{get{ruturn this.x;}
		set
		{
			if(value < 0)
			{
				throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
			}
			this,x = value;
		}
	};
	//定义属性y
 	private int y;
	public int Y{get{ruturn this.y;}
		set
		{
			if(value < 0)
			{
				throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
			}
			this,y = value;
		}
	};
	//定义属性z
	public int Z{get; set;}
	
	public Point()//构造方法
	{
		this.x = 15;
		this.y = 10;
	}

	public Point(int x, int y)//方法重载1
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}

	public Point(int x)//方法重载2
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = 20;
	}

	public void DrawPoint() =>
		Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");

	public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
		Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
}

五、常量const、只读read-only与只写write-only

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point(15, 10);
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point(22, 10);

	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Point point = new Point(25, 50);
	point.X = 30;
	
	point.T;

	Console.Read();

	return;
}

public class Point
{
	//定义属性x
	private int x;
	public int X{get{ruturn this.x;}
		set
		{
			if(value < 0)
			{
				throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
			}
			this,x = value;
		}
	};
	//定义属性y
 	private int y;
	public int Y{get{ruturn this.y;}
		set
		{
			if(value < 0)
			{
				throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
			}
			this,y = value;
		}
	};
	//定义属性z
	public int Z{get; set;}
	//时间维度,只读
	public int T{get;} = 5;
	//第五维,sigularity,只写
	private int s;
	public int S{ set{ s = value; } }
	//第六维,常量
	const int a = 99;
	//第七维,readonly	
	public readonly int b;
	
	public Point()//构造方法
	{
		this.x = 15;
		this.y = 10;
		b = 1000;
	}

	public Point(int x, int y)//方法重载1
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
		b = 999;
	}

	public Point(int x)//方法重载2
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = 20;
	}

	public void DrawPoint() =>
		Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");

	public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
		Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
}

六、索引(Index)和范围(Range)

类索引(Index)的语法结构
访问修饰符 声明修饰符 类型 this[参数]{
get;
set;
}

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point(15, 10);
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point(22, 10);

	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Point point = new Point(25, 50);
	point.X = 30;
	
	point.T;

	//index索引
	string[] words = new string[]
	{ 	//index from start  index from end
		"The",		//0		^9
		"quick",	//1		^8
		"brown",	//2		^7
		"fox",		//3		^6
		"jumped",	//4		^5
		"over",		//5		^4
		"the",		//6		^3
		"lazy",		//7		^2
		"dog"		//8		^1
	};
	Index k = ^1;
	Concole.Write(words[1]);
	//Concole.Write(words[words.Length - 1]);
	Concole.Write(words[^1]);

	//range[开始位置..结束位置]
	Range p = 0..3;
	var list = words[0..3];
	
	//point 索引
	Console,WriteLine(point[0]);//gamma[0],"The"
	point[0] = "hello"; //可以进行修正
	
	Console,WriteLine(point["dog"]);//查找dog位置
	
	Console.Read();

	return;
}

public class Point
{
	//定义属性x
	private int x;
	public int X{get{ruturn this.x;}
		set
		{
			if(value < 0)
			{
				throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
			}
			this,x = value;
		}
	};
	//定义属性y
 	private int y;
	public int Y{get{ruturn this.y;}
		set
		{
			if(value < 0)
			{
				throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
			}
			this,y = value;
		}
	};
	//定义属性z
	public int Z{get; set;}
	//时间维度,只读
	public int T{get;} = 5;
	//第五维,sigularity,只写
	private int s;
	public int S{ set{ s = value; } }
	//第六维,常量
	const int a = 99;
	//第七维,readonly	
	public readonly int b;
	//第八维,索引	
	string[] gamma= new string[]
	{ 	//index from start  index from end
		"The",		//0		^9
		"quick",	//1		^8
		"brown",	//2		^7
		"fox",		//3		^6
		"jumped",	//4		^5
		"over",		//5		^4
		"the",		//6		^3
		"lazy",		//7		^2
		"dog"		//8		^1
	};

	public string this[int index]
	{
		get{ return gamma[index]; }
		set{ gamma[index] = value; }
	}

	public int this[string str]//索引重载
	{
		get{ return Array.IndexOf(gamma, str); }
		
	}

	public Point()//构造方法
	{
		this.x = 15;
		this.y = 10;
		b = 1000;
	}

	public Point(int x, int y)//方法重载1
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
		b = 999;
	}

	public Point(int x)//方法重载2
	{
		this.x = x;
		this.y = 20;
	}

	public void DrawPoint() =>
		Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");

	public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
		Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
}

要点

  • [创建索引需要使用this关键词 ]
  • [ 索引可以用于快速访问一组数据的某一项]
  • [索引的使用需要使用方括号 ]
  • [索引不能使用static、ref和out来修饰 ]
  • [ 索引可以被重载]

七、Partial Class 局部类

static void Main(srting[] args)
{
	Point a = new Point(15, 10);
	a.DrawPoint();
	
	Point.b = new Point(22, 10);

	a.GetDistance(b);
	
	Point point = new Point(25, 50);
	point.X = 30;
	
	point.T;

	//index索引
	string[] words = new string[]
	{ 	//index from start  index from end
		"The",		//0		^9
		"quick",	//1		^8
		"brown",	//2		^7
		"fox",		//3		^6
		"jumped",	//4		^5
		"over",		//5		^4
		"the",		//6		^3
		"lazy",		//7		^2
		"dog"		//8		^1
	};
	Index k = ^1;
	Concole.Write(words[1]);
	//Concole.Write(words[words.Length - 1]);
	Concole.Write(words[^1]);

	//range[开始位置..结束位置]
	Range p = 0..3;
	var list = words[0..3];
	
	//point 索引
	Console,WriteLine(point[0]);//gamma[0],"The"
	point[0] = "hello"; //可以进行修正
	
	Console,WriteLine(point["dog"]);//查找dog位置
	
	point.Delta = 15;
	point.PrintDelta();	

	Console.Read();

	return;
}
	

Point.cs

	public partial class Point
	{
		//定义属性x
		private int x;
		public int X{get{ruturn this.x;}
			set
			{
				if(value < 0)
				{
					throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
				}
				this,x = value;
			}
		};
		//定义属性y
	 	private int y;
		public int Y{get{ruturn this.y;}
			set
			{
				if(value < 0)
				{
					throw new Exception("value不能小于0");
				}
				this,y = value;
			}
		};
		//定义属性z
		public int Z{get; set;}
		//时间维度,只读
		public int T{get;} = 5;
		//第五维,sigularity,只写
		private int s;
		public int S{ set{ s = value; } }
		//第六维,常量
		const int a = 99;
		//第七维,readonly	
		public readonly int b;
		//第八维,索引	
		string[] gamma= new string[]
		{ 	//index from start  index from end
			"The",		//0		^9
			"quick",	//1		^8
			"brown",	//2		^7
			"fox",		//3		^6
			"jumped",	//4		^5
			"over",		//5		^4
			"the",		//6		^3
			"lazy",		//7		^2
			"dog"		//8		^1
		};
	
		public string this[int index]
		{
			get{ return gamma[index]; }
			set{ gamma[index] = value; }
		}
	
		public int this[string str]//索引重载
		{
			get{ return Array.IndexOf(gamma, str); }
			
		}
	
		public Point()//构造方法
		{
			this.x = 15;
			this.y = 10;
			b = 1000;
		}
	
		public Point(int x, int y)//方法重载1
		{
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;
			b = 999;
		}
	
		public Point(int x)//方法重载2
		{
			this.x = x;
			this.y = 20;
		}
	
		public void DrawPoint() =>
			Console.WriteLine($"左边点为x:{x}, y:{y}");
	
		public double GrtDistance(Point p) =>
			Math.Pow(x - p.x, 2) + Maath.Pow(y - p.y, 2);
	}

Point.Delta.cs

//partial 局部point 类
	public partial class Point
	{
		//第九维度
		public int Delta{ get; set; }
		
		public void PrintDelta()
		{
			Console.WriteLine("此处为第九维");
		}
	}

局部类的适用范围

  • [类型特别大,不适合放在一个文件中实现 ]
  • [自动生成的代码,不宜与我们自己编写的代码混合在一起 ]
  • [ 一个类同时需要多个人同时编写]

注意事项

  • [只适用于类、接口、结构,不支持委托和枚举 ]
  • [必须有修饰符partial ]
  • [必须位于相同的命名空间中 ]
  • [ 必须同时编译]
  • [各部分的访问修饰符 必须一致 ]
  • [ 累加效应]
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