基本方法:
ofNullable()
为可能 null 的值创建一个 Optional 实例, 然后可以对该实例遍历/过滤, 判断是否存在,或者为空时执行..ifPresent(...)
如果值存在则执行里面的方法
应用场景:
1> 默认值
传统方式
public static String save(User u) {
if (u == null)
return "Unknown";
return u;
}
杜绝使用这种方式(不简洁)
public static String save(User u) {
Optional<User> user = Optional.ofNullable(u);
if (!user.isPresent())
return "Unknown";
return user;
}
最好配合lambda表达式(链式调用):
public static String save(User u) {
return Optional.ofNullable(u)//与of不同,of如果传参对象为null会抛空指针
.map(user->user.name)
.orElse("Unknown");
//.orElseGet(() -> "john");
}
2>多重非空条件判断
传统方式
public static String getTeacherName(Student u) throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (u != null) {
Teacher t = comp.getTeacher();
if (t != null) {
String tName = t.getName();
if (tName != null) {
return t.getName();
}
}
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The value of param comp isn't available.");
}
链式调用(map 遍历属性)
public static String getTeacherName(Student u) throws IllegalArgumentException {
return Optional.ofNullable(u)
.map(u->u.getTeacher())
.map(t->t.getName())
.orElseThrow(()->new IllegalArgumentException("The value of param comp isn't available."));
}
3> 不为空才操作(单边判断)
string.ifPresent(System.out::println);
4> 指定条件过滤
public boolean priceIsInRange2(Modem modem2) {
return Optional.ofNullable(modem2)
.map(Modem::getPrice)
.filter(p -> p >= 10)
.isPresent();
}
5. filter 与 findFirst 结合
Optional<String> found = Stream.of(getEmpty(), getHello(), getBye())
.filter(Optional::isPresent)
.map(Optional::get)
.findFirst();