在Linux与Windows环境下安装MySQL

Windows环境下的安装

下载MySQL

下载MySQL,解压得到MySQL实例，MySQL实例版本：5.7.33

创建data目录与my.ini文件

配置my.ini

[mysqld]
#设置3306端口
port = 3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=D:\Mysql\mysql-master
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=D:\Mysql\mysql-master\data

初始化MySQL数据文件

生成临时密码:+VoXweWtn0nk

D:\Mysql\mysql-master\bin>mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --console
2021-02-06T14:13:47.509372Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-02-06T14:13:47.782394Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-02-06T14:13:47.830502Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-02-06T14:13:47.923373Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 878fec60-6885-11eb-81a5-002324ce8b45.
2021-02-06T14:13:47.927616Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-02-06T14:13:49.170165Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-02-06T14:13:50.110769Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +VoXweWtn0nk

安装MySQL服务

无安装权限

D:\Mysql\mysql-master\bin>mysqld --install
Install/Remove of the Service Denied!

D:\Mysql\mysql-master\bin>

使用管理员操作

D:\Mysql\mysql-backup\bin>mysqld --install
Service successfully installed.

D:\Mysql\mysql-backup\bin>

启动MySQL

D:\Mysql\mysql-master\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服务正在启动 .
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

登录MySQL

使用初始化MySQL数据文件生成的临时密码+VoXweWtn0nk

D:\Mysql\mysql-master\bin>mysql -u root -P 3306 -h 127.0.0.1  -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.33

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

重置登录密码

任何操作将会出现:You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement 提示,要求必须修改密码

MySQL5.7.6以前版本：
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); 

MySQL5.7.6以后版本：
mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

mysql> alter user user() identified by "123456";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

Linux环境下的安装

环境检查

1.检查是否有自带的mysql

rpm -qa | grep mysql

2.卸载自带的mysql

普通删除模式

rpm -e mysql　　

强力删除模式，如果使用上面命令删除时，提示有依赖的其它文件，则用该命令可以对其进行强力删除

rpm -e --nodeps mysql　　

查找及删除对应文件夹

whereis mysql

find / -name mysql

下载MySQL

1.官网下载适合的版本，下载后上传到Linux。

2.Linux中下载：

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压MySQL安装包

tar zxvf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 

将解压得到的文件移动到合适的安装位置

mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/

重命名

mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

创建数据库保存位置

mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

新建MySQL用户、组及目录

 groupadd mysql
 useradd -r -g mysql mysql

赋予读写权限

 chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/
 chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/

初始化安装MySQL

 cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
 
 ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

日志末尾： A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _tjqD4Ip,GuR。root@localhost:后面字符串则为MySQL管理员临时登录密码。

编辑配置文件my.cnf

 vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

port=3306

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

symbolic-links=0

character_set_server=utf8

max_connections=5000

default-time_zone = '+8:00'

启动MySQL服务器

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

./mysql.server start

登录MySQL

mysql -uroot -p

若出现 -bash: mysql: command not found

添加软连接，并重新启动MySQL

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

service mysql restart

修改密码

set password=password('新密码');

退出MySQL

1.quit

2.exit

远程授权

设置root账户的host地址，修改后才可以远程连接。

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '新密码';

flush privileges;

开机自启

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files

cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

MySQL相关命令

service mysqld start

service mysqld stop

service mysqld restart

#重载配置
service mysqld reload

#端口信息
netstat -anpt | grep mysql

#状态信息
service mysql status

#进程信息
ps -elf | grep mysqld

#结束进行
kill -9 进程号

Docker安装MySQL

Docker安装MySQL