形态学操作

显示图像

def display(img):
	cv2.imshow("img",img)
	cv2.waitKey()
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()

腐蚀操作

def erode_(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	erodesion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(erodesion)

膨胀操作

def dilate_(img):
	kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
	erodesion = cv2.dilate(img,kernel,iterations=2)
	display(erodesion)

开运算,先腐蚀后膨胀

def morphologyEx_open(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(opening)

闭运算，先膨胀后腐蚀

def morphologyEx_close(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_CLOSE,kernel,iterations=2)
	display(closing)

梯度运算,膨胀-腐蚀（得到边缘）

def gradient_(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT,kernel)
	display(gradient)

礼帽，原始-开运算

def morphologyEx_top_hat(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	top_hat = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(top_hat)

黑帽，闭运算-原始

def morphologyEx_black_hat(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	black_hat = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(black_hat)

素材

完整代码

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import cv2
# 显示图像
def display(img):
	cv2.imshow("img",img)
	cv2.waitKey()
	cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 腐蚀操作
def erode_(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	erodesion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(erodesion)
# 膨胀操作
def dilate_(img):
	kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8)
	erodesion = cv2.dilate(img,kernel,iterations=2)
	display(erodesion)
# 开运算,先腐蚀后膨胀
def morphologyEx_open(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(opening)
# 闭运算，先膨胀后腐蚀
def morphologyEx_close(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_CLOSE,kernel,iterations=2)
	display(closing)
# 梯度运算,膨胀-腐蚀
def gradient_(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT,kernel)
	display(gradient)
# 礼帽，原始-开运算
def morphologyEx_top_hat(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	top_hat = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(top_hat)
# 黑帽，闭运算-原始
def morphologyEx_black_hat(img):
	kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
	black_hat = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT,kernel,iterations=1)
	display(black_hat)
def main():
    pic = "get1.png"
    pic1 = "a.png"
    img = cv2.imread(pic)
    img1 = cv2.imread(pic1)
    display(img)
    erode_(img)
    dilate_(img)
    morphologyEx_open(img)
    morphologyEx_close(img)
    gradient_(img1)
    morphologyEx_top_hat(img)
    morphologyEx_black_hat(img)
if __name__  == "__main__":
    main()

说明

背景黑色，内容白色如图所示，腐蚀，膨胀白色区域。
如果背景白色，内容黑色会相反。