selenium之窗口切换

1.何时需要切换窗口呢?

(1) 标签内部存在iframe，普通的方式无法直接定位到iframe内部的标签元素。需要切换；
(2) 一个浏览器对象，存在多个标签选项卡。需要切换。

2.iframe标签举例(QQ邮箱登录)

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
import time
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://mail.qq.com/')
#driver.switch_to.frame()切换到iframe标签
driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element_by_id('login_frame'))
driver.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin').click()

username = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_id('u'))
username.clear()
username.send_keys('QQ号')

password = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: driver.find_element_by_id('p'))
password.clear()
password.send_keys('密码')

driver.find_element_by_id('login_button').click()
time.sleep(3)
driver.close()

3.切换窗口举例(百度新闻)

import time
from selenium import webdriver
# 注意:出现无法定位此元素时,可能是要切换窗口,也可能是它更新较快,标签或属性已经发生了变化
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

driver.find_element_by_link_text('新闻').click()
# driver.current_window_handle()获取当前窗口操作句柄
# driver.title获取当前窗口标签选项卡名称
current_window = driver.current_window_handle
print(current_window, driver.title)

driver.find_element_by_css_selector('strong a').click()
current_window = driver.current_window_handle
print(current_window,driver.title)
# 获取所有窗口操作句柄
windows = driver.window_handles
print(windows, driver.title)
for win in windows:
    if current_window != win:
        # 切换窗口
        driver.switch_to.window(win)


current_window = driver.current_window_handle
print(current_window, driver.title)
time.sleep(6)

title =driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.header .title').text
print(title)
driver.close()