emmmmm 一段时间没上来了，这个几个章节之前已经over 但是我电脑布Heroku老是有问题heroku login404 郁闷了有空再研究，先搁置打个疑问，单说学习笔记这个项目，多有不足仅供学习参考，欢迎指点。
内容：
Learning Log 是本次要开发的一个日志系统。django web框架帮助开发交互式的网站，响应网页的请求，读取管理用户等。主要记录django 的安装，应用程序的创建、网页的创建、账户创建、数据约束、页面样式设定等。
- django安装：安装过程遇到一些杂七杂八的问题，但是不打算放过这些，所以都记录下来了。
- 应用程序的创建：定义模型
- 创建网页：HTML新手，表示可以接受好理解，包括映射URL、视图模板页面的编写。
- 账户的创建、数据的约束：分admin 和普通user 用户各自的数据要进行约束保护，数据的独立。
- 样式设定：这里运用了django-bootstrap3 程序规范美化页面。
注
必须提一下版本,由于自用版本比书里的高 语法等会有不一样的：
pycharm 2019 2.2
python 3.7.3
Django 2.2.5
Windows 10
django 安装
我喜欢用 windows powershell敲（也许有人喜欢 cmd or linux等 此可能不适用emmm）
如果假设打开powershell困扰（良心推荐2步）：
找到你安装python的地方，如果不记得了可以桌面右键属性找到位置按住shift键右键
OK!
安装Django
计算机默认执行策略对于修改是不允许，需要改下，
cd .\learning_log
get-executionpolicy
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser
get-executionpolicy
ll_env/Scripts/activate（我们用的虚拟环境，所以需要先激活）
创建项目
django-admin startproject learning_log_lx .
dir
python manage.py runserver 后进浏览器查看http://127.0.0.1:8000/
安装成功
创建应用程序
这里先贴图显示修改数据库需要做的
Django修改数据库，能存储与topic(我们刚创的)的信息
python manage.py makemigrations learning_logs
python manage.py migrate
总之，修改数据后 需要进行3步骤： 修改models.py——>对learning_logs调用makemigrations——>让Django迁移项目。
python manage.py migrate
后台调试
>>> from learning_logs.models import Topic
>>> Topic.objects.all()
<QuerySet [<Topic: Chess>, <Topic: Rock Climbing>]>
>>> topics = Topic.objects.all()
>>> for topic in topics:
... print(topic)
...
Chess
Rock Climbing
>>> t =Topic.objects.get(id=1)
>>> t.text
'Chess'
>>> t.date_added
datetime.datetime(2019, 9, 9, 9, 15, 0, 867771, tzinfo=<UTC>)
>>>
>>>
>>> t.entry_set.all()
<QuerySet [<Entry: The chess rules approved by the "International Che...>, <Entry: Chess games are played by both sides moving their ...>]
创建用户账户
Python manage.py startapp users
目录结构
代码
代码较杂 打包了 这里部分出来
setting.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# 第三方应用程序
'bootstrap3',
# my apps
'learning_logs',
'users',
]
*--snip--*
# 我的设置
LOGIN_URL = '/users/login/'
# django-bootstrap3的设置
BOOTSTRAP3 = {
'include_jquery': True,
}
# Heroku设置
cwd = os.getcwd()
if cwd == '/app' or cwd[:4] == '/tmp':
import dj_database_url
DATABASES = {
'default': dj_database_url.config(default='postgres://localhost')
}
# 让request.is_secure承认X-Fordwarded-Proto头
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEARDER = ('HTTP_X_FORDWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
# 支持所有的主机头
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
# 静态资产配置
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
STATIC_ROOT = 'staticfiles'
STATICFILE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)
urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# 可能版本不一样按照书里的有问题，include() 第一个参数得是元组带app_name
path('users/',
include(('users.urls', 'users'), namespace='users')),
path('', include(
('learning_logs.urls', 'learning_logs'), namespace='learning_logs')),
]
wsgi.py
import os
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
from dj_static import Cling
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'learning_log_lx.settings')
application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())
learning_logs下
base.html
{% load bootstrap3 %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Learning Log</title>
{% bootstrap_css %}
{% bootstrap_javascript %}
</head>
<body>
<!--Static navbar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed"
data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar"
aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">
Learning Log</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topics</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<li><a>Hello, {{ user.username }}.</a></li>
<li><a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">log out</a></li>
{% else %}
<li><a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">register</a></li>
<li><a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">log in</a></li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container">
<div class="page-header">
{% block header %} {% endblock header %}
</div>
<div>
{% block content %} {% endblock content %}
</div>
</div><!-- /container -->
</body>
</html>
topic.html
{% load bootstrap3 %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Learning Log</title>
{% bootstrap_css %}
{% bootstrap_javascript %}
</head>
<body>
<!--Static navbar -->
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed"
data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar"
aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}">
Learning Log</a>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}">Topics</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
{% if user.is_authenticated %}
<li><a>Hello, {{ user.username }}.</a></li>
<li><a href="{% url 'users:logout' %}">log out</a></li>
{% else %}
<li><a href="{% url 'users:register' %}">register</a></li>
<li><a href="{% url 'users:login' %}">log in</a></li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container">
<div class="page-header">
{% block header %} {% endblock header %}
</div>
<div>
{% block content %} {% endblock content %}
</div>
</div><!-- /container -->
</body>
</html>
edit_entry.html
{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}
{% load bootstrap3 %}
{% block header %}
<h2>Edit entry:</h2>
{% endblock header %}
{% block content %}
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{{ topic }}</a></p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}" method="post"
class="form">
{% csrf_token %}
{% bootstrap_form form %}
{% buttons %}
<button name="submit">save changes</button>
{% endbuttons %}
</form>
{% endblock content %}
admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# 向管理网站注册Topic,这时可以通过django在网页管理
from learning_logs.models import Topic, Entry
admin.site.register(Topic)
admin.site.register(Entry)
urls.py
"""定义learning_logs 的URL模式"""
from django.urls import path
from . import views # 从当前的文件夹导入
urlpatterns = [
# 主页
path('', views.index, name='index'), # r'^$'正则表示将字符串头尾检查
# 显示所有主题
path('topics/', views.topics, name='topics'),
# 特定主题的详细信息
path('topics/<int:topic_id>/', views.topic, name='topic'),
# 用于添加新主题的网页
path(r'new_topic/', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
# 用于添加新条目的页面
path('new_entry/<int:topic_id>/', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
# 用于编辑条目的页面
path('edit_entry/<int:entry_id>/', views.edit_entry, name='edit_entry')
]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect, Http404
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
"""学习笔记的主页"""
return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')
@login_required
def topics(request):
"""显示所有主题"""
topics = Topic.objects.filter(owner=request.user).order_by('date_added')
context = {'topics': topics}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)
@login_required
def topic(request, topic_id):
"""显示所有主题机及其所有条目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
# 确认请求的主题属于当前用户
check_topic_owner(topic, request)
entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)
def check_topic_owner(topic, request):
"""核实主题关联的任务的当前用户"""
if topic.owner != request.user:
raise Http404
@login_required
def new_topic(request):
"""添加新主题"""
if request.method != 'POST':
# 未提交数据：创建一个新表单
form = TopicForm()
else:
# POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
form = TopicForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
new_topic = form.save(commit=False)
new_topic.owner = request.user
new_topic.save()
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))
context = {'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)
@login_required
def new_entry(request, topic_id):
"""在特定的主题中添加新条目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
if request.method != 'POST':
# 未提交数据， 创建一个新表单
form = EntryForm()
else:
# POST提交数据， 并对数据进行处理
form = EntryForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
# 将新主题关联到当前用户
new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
new_entry.topic = topic
# new_entry.topic.owner = request.user
new_entry.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',
args=[topic_id]))
context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)
@login_required
def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
"""编辑现有条目"""
entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id)
topic = entry.topic
# 确认请求的主题属于当前用户
check_topic_owner(topic, request)
if request.method != 'POST':
# 初次请求，使用当前条目填充表单
form = EntryForm(instance=entry)
else:
# POST提交数据，对数据进行处理
form = EntryForm(instance=entry, data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',
args=[topic.id]))
context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/edit_entry.html', context)
user目录
urls.py
"""为应用程序定义URL模式"""
from django.urls import path
from django.contrib.auth.views import LoginView
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
# 登录页面
path('login/', LoginView.as_view(template_name='users/login.html'),
name='login'),
path('logout/', views.logout_view, name='logout'),
# 注册页面
path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from django.contrib.auth import login, logout, authenticate
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
def logout_view(request):
"""注销用户"""
logout(request)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))
def register(request):
"""注册新用户"""
if request.method != 'POST':
# 显示空的注册表单
form = UserCreationForm()
else:
form = UserCreationForm(data=request.POST)
# 处理已经写好的表单
if form.is_valid():
new_user = form.save()
# 让用户自动登录再重定向到页面
authenticated_user = authenticate(
username=new_user.username, password=request.POST['password1'])
login(request, authenticated_user)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:index'))
context = {'form': form}
return render(request, 'users/register.html', context)
代码粘贴不全 具体见打包
670
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
