Spring学习-07-spring在web中的使用

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38826019/article/details/89644563

spring在web中的使用

在web项目中使用spring

在之前的示例中，我们都使用的是非web进行测试的，即没有部署到tomcat容器里面，在实际开发中，需要创建web项目，此时只需要将spring容器放到ServletContext域中即可。

添加依赖
导入相关spring-web的jar包，这里只需要在项目中添加下面依赖即可：

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

注册监听器 ContextLoaderListener

这里将spring容器放到ServletContext域中，需要在ServletContext初始化的时候添加进去，此时就需要使用监听器接口ServletContextListener 对 ServletContext 进行监听。在 web.xml 中注册该监听器。

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

通过源码可以看到spring在ContextLoaderListener的initWebApplicationContext方法中创建了容器对象。

指定spring配置文件的位置
需要在web.xml文件中指定spring配置文件所在的位置

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

这里使用注解的方式，所以在配置文件中添加：

<context:component-scan base-package="com.monkey1024"/>

创建servlet
不要忘了添加下面依赖：

    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>

创建一个servlet在servlet中注入UserService，这里使用以前创建的UserService和UserDao：

package com.monkey1024.servlet;

import com.monkey1024.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.SpringBeanAutowiringSupport;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/springtest")
public class SprintServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    /**
     * @param config
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(this,
                config.getServletContext());
    }

    protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        userService.addUser();
    }
}

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.monkey1024</groupId>
  <artifactId>02_spring</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <properties>
  	<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
  		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
		    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
		    <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
	        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	        <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
   		</dependency>
   		<dependency>
	        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
	        <version>3.1.0</version>
    	</dependency>
    	<dependency>
	        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
	        <version>2.0</version>
    	</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<finalName>02_spring</finalName>
		<plugins>
			<!-- 编译插件，指定编译用的的jdk版本 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<!-- jdk的版本号 -->
					<source>1.8</source>
					<target>1.8</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" 
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
	<!-- 注册监听器ContextLoaderListener -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	<!-- 指定spring配置文件的位置 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLoaction</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

</web-app>

applicationContext.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.monkey1024"/>
</beans>

SpringServlet.java

package com.monkey1024.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.SpringBeanAutowiringSupport;

import com.monkey1024.service.UserService;

@WebServlet("/test ")
public class SpringServlet extends HttpServlet{
	@Autowired
	private UserService userService;
	
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException{
		//让servlet支持注入
		SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(this, config.getServletContext());
	}
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
		userService.addUser();
	}
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException{
		doPost(request,response);
	}

}

UserService.java

package com.monkey1024.service;

public interface UserService {
	void addUser();
}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.monkey1024.service.impl;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.monkey1024.service.UserService;

@Service("UserService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
	public void addUser(){
		System.out.println("用户添加");
	}

}