C++ | string对象的构建与应用实例

String.h

String.cpp

Main.cpp

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详细介绍了String类的具体实现，其中包络string类的默认构造函数、复制构造函数的实现；多种运算符的重载定义与操作；多种友元函数的使用。

当然在现如今的C++ STL里面有string类，可以直接使用。当然本文仅仅是通过一个具体的实例阐述C++面向对象程序设计的基本套路，以便于可以较为熟练的使用C++程序设计语言。该例子可以作为学习C++语言的练习实例。

String.h

// This is a class statement of String
#pragma once

#include <iostream>

using std::ostream;
using std::istream;

class String {
public:
	String();	//default constructor function
	String(const char* ostr);	//general constructor function
	String(const String&);		//copy constructor function
	~String();

	// Overload operator method
	String& operator=(const String&);
	String& operator=(const char*);
	char& operator[](int i);
	const char& operator[](int i) const;

	// Overload operator < > = with frined function
	friend bool operator<(const String& str1, const String& str2);
	friend bool operator>(const String& str1, const String& str2);
	friend bool operator==(const String& str1, const String& str2);
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const String& str);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, String& str);

	// Static function
	static int howManyObject();

private:
	char* string_;
	int len_;
	static int obj_nums_;	//The object numbers
	static const int ELEMENTS = 100;
};

String.cpp

// This is a class define of String.
#include <cstring>
#include "String.h"

int String::obj_nums_ = 0;

String::String() {
	std::cout << "Default constructor func is called. ";
	len_ = 1;
	string_ = new char[1];
	string_[0] = '\0';
	obj_nums_++;
	std::cout << "Object nums = " << obj_nums_ << std::endl;
}

String::String(const char* basic_str) {
	std::cout << "Basic constructor func is called. ";
	len_ = std::strlen(basic_str);
	string_ = new char[len_ + 1];
	strcpy(string_, basic_str);
	obj_nums_++;
	std::cout << "Object nums = " << obj_nums_ << std::endl;
}

String::String(const String& cp_String) {
	std::cout << "Copy constructor func is called. ";
	len_ = cp_String.len_;
	string_ = new char[len_ + 1];
	strcpy(string_, cp_String.string_);
	obj_nums_++;
	std::cout << "Object nums = " << obj_nums_ << std::endl;
}

String::~String() {
	delete [] string_;
	--obj_nums_;
	std::cout << "Deconstructor function is called. Object_nums = " << obj_nums_ << std::endl;
}

// Overload operator method, e.g. assign, [] etc.
String& String::operator=(const String& org_String) {
	std::cout << "Operator assign (object assign) method is called.";
	if (this == &org_String) {
		return *this;
	}
	delete [] string_;
	len_ = org_String.len_;
	string_ = new char[len_ + 1];
	strcpy(string_, org_String.string_);
	return *this;
}

String& String::operator=(const char* org_char) {
	std::cout << "Operator assign (char) method is called." << std::endl;
	delete [] string_;
	len_ = strlen(org_char);
	string_ = new char[len_ + 1];
	strcpy(string_, org_char);
	return *this;
}

char& String::operator[](int i) {
	std::cout << "Operator [] read & write method is called." << std::endl;
	return string_[i];
}

const char& String::operator[](int i) const {
	std::cout << "Operator [] only read method is called." << std::endl;
	return string_[i];
}

// Overload operator in this class
bool operator<(const String& str1, const String& str2) {
	std::cout << "Friend overload < operator is called." << std::endl;
	return strcmp(str1.string_, str2.string_) < 0;
}

bool operator>(const String& str1, const String& str2) {
	std::cout << "Friend overload > operator is called." << std::endl;
	return str2 < str1;
}

bool operator==(const String& str1, const String& str2) {
	std::cout << "Friend overload == operator is called." << std::endl;
	return strcmp(str1.string_, str2.string_) == 0;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const String& str) {
	std::cout << "Friend overload ostream << operator is called." << std::endl;
	os << str.string_;
	return os;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& is, String& str) {
	std::cout << "Friend overload istream >> operator is called." << std::endl;
	char temp[String::ELEMENTS];
	is.get(temp, String::ELEMENTS);
	if (is) {
		str = temp;
	}
	while (is && is.get() != '\n') {
		continue;
	}
	return is;
}

int String::howManyObject() {
	std::cout << "howManyObject function is called.";
	return obj_nums_;
	std::cout << "Here has object: " << obj_nums_ << std::endl;
}

Main.cpp

#include "String.h"

using namespace std;

const int SIZE = 4;
const int MAXLEN = 100;

int main() {
	String str;
	cout << "Input a string: " << endl;
	cin >> str;

	cout << str;

	String saying[SIZE];
	cout << "*1.-----------------------------" << endl;
	char temp[MAXLEN];
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
		cout << i + 1 << ": ";
		cin.get(temp, MAXLEN);
		while (cin && cin.get() != '\n') {
			continue;
		}
		if (!cin && temp[0] == '\0') {
			break;
		}
		else {
			saying[i] = temp;
		}
	}
	cout << "*2.-----------------------------" << endl;
	int total = i;

	if (total > 0) {
		cout << "Here is a saying:\n";
		for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
			cout << saying[i][0] << ":  " << saying[i] << endl;
		}
		cout << "length = " << saying[1] << endl;
	}

	cout << "*3.-----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "Object nums: " << String::howManyObject() << endl;
	if (saying[0] < saying[1]) {
		cout << "From small to big." << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "From big to small." << endl;
	}

	cout << "*4.-----------------------------" << endl;
	String obj = saying[2];
	cout << "OBJ: " << obj << endl;

	return 0;
}