scraping-day1

简单请求:

from urllib.request import urlopen
html = urlopen("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/page1.html")
print(html)
print(html.read())

使用BeautifulSoup解析:

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = urlopen("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/page1.html")
bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html.read(), "html.parser")
print(bs_obj.h1)

请求异常处理,和标签不存在的处理:

from urllib.request import urlopen
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup


def get_title(url):
    try:
        html = urlopen(url)
    except (HTTPError, URLError) as e:
        return None
    try:
        bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html.read(), "html.parser")
        title = bs_obj.body.h1
    except AttributeError as e:
        return None
    return title


title = get_title("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/page1.html")
if title is None:
    print("Title could not be found")
else:
    print(title)

findAll()初识:get_text()会清除标签返回包含文本的字符串

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = urlopen("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/warandpeace.html")
bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
name_list = bs_obj.findAll("span", {"class": "green"})
for name in name_list:
    print(name.get_text())

find()和findAll()

• name为标签名或者标签名组成的集合
• attrs为标签属性及对应的值组成的字典
• recursive为递归查找一级标签的子标签
• text根据文本内容查找
• limit限制查找个数,find为findAll的limit=1时
• **kwargs为查找特定属性的标签(class属性由于关键字冲突可改为class_)

findAll(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None, limit=None, **kwargs)
find(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None, **kwargs)

BeautifulSoup对象

• BeautifulSoup对象
• 标签Tag对象
• NavigableString对象----表示标签里的文本
• Comment对象----用来查找HTML文档的注释标签

处理子标签,兄弟标签

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = urlopen("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")
bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
for child in bs_obj.find("table", {"id": "giftList"}).children:
    print(child)
for sibling in bs_obj.find("table", {"id": "giftList"}).tr.next_siblings:
    print(sibling)

父标签

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = urlopen("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")
bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
print(bs_obj.find("img",{"src":"../img/gifts/img1.jpg"}).parent.previous_sibling.get_text())

正则表达式和BeautifulSoup

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re

html = urlopen("http://pythonscraping.com/pages/page3.html")
bs_obj = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
images = bs_obj.findAll("img", {"src": re.compile("\.\./img/gifts/img.*\.jpg")})
for image in images:
    print(image["src"])