Redis 总结：
基本数据结构
redis 常用的命令：
| 命令 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| set key value px 10000 | 保存字符串类型的数据，键为key，值为 value，过期时间为 单位px：毫秒 ，ex：秒 |
| sadd myset a b | 保存 set 类型的数据，多个数据以空格隔开 |
| get key | 获取值 |
| del key | 删除redis中存储的 key 键值对 |
| config set save “20 1” | 设置当前内存中配置文件的内容，只在当前配置有效。 |
| shutdown | 关闭redis |
| info persistence | 查看持久化信息 |
| info | 查看redis服务器的状态 |
| flushdb | 清空redis 中的所有数据 |
| save | 以阻塞的方式，持久化缓存数据到本地 |
| bgsave | 非阻塞式，持久化缓存数据到本地 |
| ttl key | 查询指定 key的剩余过期时间 |
| bgrewriteaof | 手动触发 aof 重写机制 |
| info | 查询redis当前所有的配置信息 |
| info replication | 查看主从节点的相关信息 |
| slaveof host port | 在从节点服务器中执行该命令，设置当前节点为从服务器，并指定主服务器的ip和端口 |
| auth 123456 | 服务端设置了密码输入密码，否者会报错 (error) NOAUTH Authentication required. |
| config get masterauth | 查询当前配置的某个配置项信息 |
| config set masterauth 123456 | 建立主从关系时，输入主节点的密码 |
| slaveof no one | 关闭主从复制关系 |
| requirepass 123456 | 设置密码为 123456 |
| redis-server.exe -h | -h 查询命令相关命令的参数 |
| slowlog get | 查看慢查询日志信息 |
| slowlog len | 获取慢查询日志列表当前的长度 |
| slowlog reset | 清空慢查询日志列表 |
| incr num | 把key 为 num 的value值自增 1 |
| lpush mylist a b | 向 key 为 mylist 的 list 中插入 a b 两个值 |
| multi | 开启 redis 事务 |
| object encoding key | 查看 key 的数据存储编码类型 |
| info memory | 查询当前redis的内存实用情况 |
| setbit user 100 1 | bitmaps 类型设置，key为 user ，把位置 100 设置为 1 |
| getbit user 100 | 查询 bitmaps 的key为 user 在 100 位置的值是 1 还是 0 |
| bitcount user [start end] | 查询 key 为 user 的 bitmaps 中值为 1 的数量 |
| bitop and destkey key[key…] | bitop 是一个复合操作，它可以做多个bitmaps的and（交集），or（并集），not（非），xor（异或）操作并将结果保存在destkey中，如果需要做其他运算，把 and 替换成其他操作即可。操作后可以使用bitcount destkey 查询结果 |
| subscribe news.sport | 订阅 news.sport 频道 |
| publish news.sport sport12 | 发布消息，频道为 news.sport，发送的消息为 sport12，如果需要批量订阅时，可以使用号，publish news. 即可 |
| smembers key | 查询所有 set 集合的元素 |
| zadd key value | 存储 hash 类型的数据，可以直接存储 HashMap |
| client list | 查看当前连接的客户端数量及信息 |
| info clients | 查看客户端连接信息及缓冲区使用情况 |
| role | 查询当前节点是什么角色 |
windows 版redis命令
| 命令 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| redis-server redis.windows.conf | 在 cmd 窗口中启动redis |
| redis-cli -p 6379 | 启动客户端，指定端口号 |
| redis-server --service-install redis.windows.conf | 把 Redis安装成windows服务，可以安装多个，redis |
| redis-server --service-start | windows 服务的启动 |
| redis-server --service-stop | 停止命令 |
| redis-server --service-uninstall | 卸载命令 |
server --service-install –service-name redisService1 –port 10001
redis-server --service-start –service-name redisService1
redis-server --service-install –service-name redisService2 –port 10002
redis-server --service-start –service-name redisService2
持久化
RDB
save 与 gbsave
bgsave 的四种触发方式
RDB 文件格式
注意：不同版本之间的 RDB 文件格式是不一样的，所以做主从时要使用相同版本的 redis，否者很可能会同步数据或恢复备份数据时出错。
AOF
所有版本都是使用统一的协议，存储到aof文件中。
aof 文件重写流程
redis 主从复制
作用：
注意：
1，两台服务器之间如果相互设置为自己的主服务器时，这时使用 info replication 命令查看主从信息，两台服务器都是 slave，但是两台都不能进行写操作
2，设置了主从之后，如果把从节点的只读权限关闭，从节点可以进行写操作，但是在从节点写入的值在主节点中是读取不到的，因为主从复制是单向的，只会由主节点复制到从节点。
主从拓扑结构：
主从复制的三个阶段：
复制原理：
全量复制 与 部分复制
全量复制流程图：
当从节点与主节点第一次建立连接的时候，就会做一次全量复制，如果在主从正常连接的时候突然主节点挂了，在主节点重新启动后，从节点会自动尝试连接主节点，当连接成功后也会全量复制。在主节点down机期间从节点可以正常读取到已经同步到从节点的信息，但是还是不能进行写操作。
如果 master 想重启的话，不要直接关掉重启，因为这样会生成新的 runid，当重新启动之后会重新全量复制数据到从节点，为避免这种情况可以使用 debug reload，这样不会生成新的 runid
构成部分复制的三要素：
1，复制偏移量 （offset）
2，复制缓冲区
3，服务器运行id（runid）
每次启动redis 时，都会生成一个 runId，保证runId的唯一性。
部分复制流程图：
命令传播阶段：
建立主从复制：
在配置文件中加入slaveof 随Redis启动生效
在redis-server 启动后命令加入 --slaveof 生效
方式三：
查看主从节点信息：info replication
在从节点中设置对应的主节点信息，并设置密码：
设置成功后，会先清空从节点的数据，然后再把主节点的数据同步到从节点中。
这个时候就可以在主节点上设置值，然后在从节点上查询来验证。
Redis的实用技巧
常用的功能：
慢查询分析：通过慢查询分析，找到有问题的命令进行优化。
Redis shell：功能强大的Redis shell 会有意想不到的实用功能。
pipeline：通过Pipeline（管道或者流水线）机制有效提高客户端性能
慢查询日志：
Redis shell
常用命令
Pipleline 管道和流水
RTT 响应时间
redis 事务
1，事务开始
2，命令入列 
3，事务执行
示例：
事务的错误处理：
redis事务是不支持回滚的
入队错误：
执行错误：
Watch命令：
Bitmaps
bitmaps 适用于数据量庞大的情况，如果数据量很小的话，可能暂用的空间比使用set暂用的空间更多。比如登录的用户 ID 是 一亿那么bitmaps会创建一亿的位置上。
HyperLogLog
发布订阅
redis 的发布订阅是不可靠的，如果发布了消息没有订阅，再订阅之后接收不到订阅之前的消息，所以需要先订阅再发布消息，如果网络断了也可能会丢失消息。
命令
GEO 计算坐标
客户端
Jedis
1，jedis 版本
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
注意：
不能在事务中使用非事务命令或代码方法，否则会报错。除非是重新 new 一个 jedis 对象。
redis-server.conf 文件
# Redis configuration file example
# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
################################## INCLUDES ###################################
# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# include .\path\to\local.conf
# include c:\path\to\other.conf
################################ GENERAL #####################################
# 设置Redis服务器端口号
port 6387
# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511
# By default Redis listens for connections from all the network interfaces
# available on the server. It is possible to listen to just one or multiple
# interfaces using the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or
# more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700
# 连接池连接超时时间，单位是秒，超过这个时间就会把这个连接失效，
# 被动处理：如果testOnBorrow设置为true，在调用时刚好调用到这个失效的jedis连接，就会删除这个失效的连接。
# 主动处理：定时轮训清理失效的连接
timeout 0
# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
# equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 60 seconds.
tcp-keepalive 0
# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice
# 制定日志文件存放的位置
logfile ""
# To enable logging to the Windows EventLog, just set 'syslog-enabled' to
# yes, and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# If Redis is installed and launched as a Windows Service, this will
# automatically be enabled.
# syslog-enabled no
# Specify the source name of the events in the Windows Application log.
# syslog-ident redis
# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16
################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
# save <seconds> <changes>
#
# Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
# number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
# In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
# after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
# after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
# Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
# It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
# points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
# like in the following example:
#
# save ""
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
# 持久化的RDB文件是否
rdbcompression yes
# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
rdbchecksum yes
# The filename where to dump the DB
dbfilename dump.rdb
# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
dir ./
################################# REPLICATION #################################
slaveof 127.0.0.1 6379
masterauth 123456
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# -------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: DISKLESS REPLICATION IS EXPERIMENTAL CURRENTLY
# -------------------------------------------------------
#
# New slaves and reconnecting slaves that are not able to continue the replication
# process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a "full
# synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the slaves.
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
# file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
# process to the slaves incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
# RDB file to slave sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more slaves
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child producing
# the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead once
# the transfer starts, new slaves arriving will be queued and a new transfer
# will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple slaves
# 无盘复制，表示在做全量复制的时候，为了减少主节点对磁盘的操作，通过开启该配置可以把RDB文件直接生成到内存中，直接传到从节点。
repl-diskless-sync no
# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that trnasfers the RDB via socket
# to the slaves.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new slaves arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the server
# waits a delay in order to let more slaves arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
# seconds.
# 主节点默认每隔10秒对从节点发送一次ping
# repl-ping-slave-period 10
#全量复制
# repl-timeout 60
# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
# 默认复制积压缓冲期为 1M，
repl-backlog-size 1mb
# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog
# will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that
# need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for
# the backlog buffer to be freed.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600
# The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output.
# It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a
# master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three slaves with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel will
# pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the slave as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a slave with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
slave-priority 100
# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N slaves need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-slaves-to-write 3
# min-slaves-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.
################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
requirepass 123456
# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.
################################### LIMITS ####################################
# 配置连接池最大连接数量
# maxclients 10000
# The Linux version of Redis relies on the system call fork() to perform
# point-in-time snapshots of the heap. In addition to the AOF and RDB backup
# mechanism, the master-slave synchronization and clustering features are
# dependent on this behavior of fork(). In order for the Windows version to
# perform like the Linux version we had to simulate this aspect of fork().
# Doing so meant moving the Redis heap into a memory mapped file that can
# be shared with a child process.
#
# *** There must be disk space available for this file in order for Redis
# to launch. *** The default configuration places this file in the local
# appdata directory. If you wish to move this file to another local disk,
# use the heapdir flag as described below.
#
# The maxheap flag controls the maximum size of this memory mapped file,
# as well as the total usable space for the Redis heap. Running Redis
# without either maxheap or maxmemory will result in a memory mapped file
# being created that is equal to the size of physical memory. During
# fork() operations the total page file commit will max out at around:
#
# (size of physical memory) + (2 * size of maxheap)
#
# For instance, on a machine with 8GB of physical RAM, the max page file
# commit with the default maxheap size will be (8)+(2*8) GB , or 24GB. The
# default page file sizing of Windows will allow for this without having
# to reconfigure the system. Larger heap sizes are possible, but the maximum
# page file size will have to be increased accordingly.
#
# The Redis heap must be larger than the value specified by the maxmemory
# flag, as the heap allocator has its own memory requirements and
# fragmentation of the heap is inevitable. If only the maxmemory flag is
# specified, maxheap will be set at 1.5*maxmemory. If the maxheap flag is
# specified along with maxmemory, the maxheap flag will be automatically
# increased if it is smaller than 1.5*maxmemory.
#
maxheap 512000000
# The heap memory mapped file must reside on a local path for heap sharing
# between processes to work. A UNC path will not suffice here. For maximum
# performance this should be located on the fastest local drive available.
# This value defaults to the local application data folder(e.g.,
# "%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local"). Since this file can be very large, you
# may wish to place this on a drive other than the one the operating system
# is installed on.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
# heapdir <directory path(absolute or relative)>
# If Redis is to be used as an in-memory-only cache without any kind of
# persistence, then the fork() mechanism used by the background AOF/RDB
# persistence is unneccessary. As an optimization, all persistence can be
# turned off in the Windows version of Redis. This will disable the creation of
# the memory mapped heap file, redirect heap allocations to the system heap
# allocator, and disable commands that would otherwise cause fork() operations:
# BGSAVE and BGREWRITEAOF. This flag may not be combined with any of the other
# flags that configure AOF and RDB operations.
# persistence-available [(yes)|no]
# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU cache, or to set
# a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# WARNING: not setting maxmemory will cause Redis to terminate with an
# out-of-memory exception if the maxheap limit is reached.
#
# maxmemory <bytes>
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select among five behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key according to the LRU algorithm
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
# operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
#
# At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
# getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
# size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
# pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
# using the following configuration directive.
#
# maxmemory-samples 3
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
appendonly no
# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".
# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
aof-load-truncated yes
################################ LUA SCRIPTING ###############################
# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
# reply to queries with an error.
#
# When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the
# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was
# already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural
# termination of the script.
#
# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
lua-time-limit 5000
################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.
# 慢查询日志配置，单位是微秒，默认值是10000,0为记录所有命令，小于0对所有命令都不记录。
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
# 慢查询日志配置，慢查询（不单指查询，泛指所有命令）保存在一个链表中，这个链表的长度是有限的，通过该参数定义链表的长度，遵循先进先出的规则。
slowlog-max-len 128
################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################
# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enalbed at runtime using the command
# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
latency-monitor-threshold 0
############################# Event notification ##############################
# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
# K Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
# E Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
# g Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
# $ String commands
# l List commands
# s Set commands
# h Hash commands
# z Sorted set commands
# x Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
# e Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
# A Alias for g$lshzxe, so that the "AKE" string means all the events.
#
# The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
# of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
# are disabled.
#
# Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
# event name, use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
# Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
# name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
# By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
# this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
# specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""
############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
# you are under the following limits:
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512
# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes
# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# slave -> slave clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since
# subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion.
#
# 输出缓冲区，命令传输同步阶段是由该缓冲区把命令传给从节点，主从复制使用的是第二种 slave，
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeot, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are perforemd with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# 定时删除过期键的频率，默认每秒10次
hz 10
# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
################################## INCLUDES ###################################
# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis server but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
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