05_Nginx_解析自定义的HTTP请求头

1. 导读

在HTTP请求中，除了在Body中添加数据外，也可以在请求头中添加一些key-value值用于证书验证等操作。

2. 准备

2.1ngx_http_request_t结构体

struct ngx_http_request_s {
	.......(省略)
//ngx_http_process_request_headers在接收、解析完http请求的头部后，会把解析完的每一个http头部加入到headers_in的headers链表中，同时会构造headers_in中的其他成员
    ngx_http_headers_in_t             headers_in;

	.......(省略)
	}

2.2 ngx_http_headers_in_t结构体

typedef struct {
	// 链表结构体，
    ngx_list_t                        headers;			

	//  自定义请求头声明
	ngx_table_elt_t                  *ts;	

	// 解析函数执行后 存储host的数据，
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *host;	
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *connection;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *if_modified_since;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *if_unmodified_since;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *if_match;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *if_none_match;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *user_agent;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *referer;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *content_length;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *content_range;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *content_type;

    ngx_table_elt_t                  *range;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *if_range;

    ngx_table_elt_t                  *transfer_encoding;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *te;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *expect;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *upgrade;

#if (NGX_HTTP_GZIP || NGX_HTTP_HEADERS)
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *accept_encoding;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *via;
#endif

    ngx_table_elt_t                  *authorization;

    ngx_table_elt_t                  *keep_alive;

#if (NGX_HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR)
    ngx_array_t                       x_forwarded_for;
#endif

#if (NGX_HTTP_REALIP)
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *x_real_ip;
#endif

#if (NGX_HTTP_HEADERS)
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *accept;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *accept_language;
#endif

#if (NGX_HTTP_DAV)
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *depth;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *destination;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *overwrite;
    ngx_table_elt_t                  *date;
#endif

    ngx_str_t                         user;
    ngx_str_t                         passwd;

    ngx_array_t                       cookies;

    ngx_str_t                         server;
    off_t                             content_length_n;
    time_t                            keep_alive_n;

    unsigned                          connection_type:2;
    unsigned                          chunked:1;
    unsigned                          msie:1;
    unsigned                          msie6:1;
    unsigned                          opera:1;
    unsigned                          gecko:1;
    unsigned                          chrome:1;
    unsigned                          safari:1;
    unsigned                          konqueror:1;
} ngx_http_headers_in_t;

2.3 ngx_table_elt_t结构体

typedef struct {
    ngx_uint_t        hash;
    ngx_str_t         key;
    ngx_str_t         value;
    u_char           *lowcase_key;
} ngx_table_elt_t;

2.4 ngx_http_headers_in[]

typedef struct {
    ngx_str_t                         name;								// 请求头名
    ngx_uint_t                        offset;								//
    ngx_http_header_handler_pt        handler;				// 回调函数
} ngx_http_header_t;

// 解析相对应请求头的结构体
ngx_http_header_t  ngx_http_headers_in[] = {
   
    // 声明自定义请求头
    { ngx_string("ts"), offsetof(ngx_http_headers_in_t, ts),
                 ngx_http_process_unique_header_line },

    { ngx_string("Host"), offsetof(ngx_http_headers_in_t, host),
                 ngx_http_process_host },
	....(省略)
};

2.5 回调函数

在ngx_http_headers_in[]数组包含了25个常用的请求头，每个请求头都设置了一个处理函数，其中有两个公共的处理函数，ngx_http_process_header_line和ngx_http_process_unique_header_line,

3 实现

当我们需要自定义请求头的时候，只需要在ngx_http_headers_in_t先进行声明，并在ngx_http_headers_in[]中配置好回调函数，那么就可以通过ngx_http_request_s进行调用了。

3.1 在ngx_http_headers_in_t中进行声明

3.2 在 ngx_http_headers_in[]数组中进行声明

3.3 在处理函数中获取值

	// 请求头 ts
     char request_header_in_ts[1000] = {0};
     memcpy(request_header_in_ts, r->headers_in.ts->value.data, r->headers_in.ts->value.len);
     printf("请求头：request_header_in_ts = %s\n", request_header_in_ts);
     printf("=====================\n");

     // 请求头 host
     char request_header_in_host[1000] = {0};
     memcpy(request_header_in_host, r->headers_in.host->value.data, r->headers_in.host->value.len);
     printf("请求头：request_header_in_host = %s\n", request_header_in_host);
     printf("=====================\n");

3.4 请求截图

1. 发送的报文：

2. Nginx接收到的报文