python第七次笔记2018.4.14

#申明一个函数,第一个参数是整型,第二个参数是list类型

# l 有一个默认值,默认值为[]空列表

def f(x,l=[]):

for i in range(x):

l.append(i*i)

print(l)

# f(2) = f(2,l=[])

f(2)

#输出 [0,1]

f(3,[3,2,1])

#结果:[3,2,1,0,1,4]

f(3)

#结果:[0,1,4]

如果在同一文件下执行,会有一点影响,f(3)会记住f(2)内存,输出[0,1,,0,1,4]

或者可以在f(3)更改为f(3,l=[]),把l重新定义为空list

'''

函数的关键字

def 定义函数

return 返回值

pass 滤过

exit(1) 直接退出

'''

def add1(x,y):

print(x+y)

def add2(x,y):

return x+y

##差别

add1(1,2)

result = add2(1,2)

print(result)

def hello():

pass

print("hello")

#pass直接滤过,不输出hello

def hello():

exit(1)

print("hello")

#exit(1)直接退出

'''

函数的参数

*args tuple参数,对应赋值

**kwargs dict参数,对应赋值

fun(*args,**kwargs)

fun(1,2,3,4,5,a=10,b=40)

'''

def test(m,*args,**kwargs):

print("m = {0}".format(m))

print("args = {0}".format(args))

print("kwargs = {0}".format(kwargs))

test(10,args=(1,11,12))

#test(m=10,1,2,3,a=1,b=2)

匿名函数的定义：

顾名思义就是没有名字的函数，

lambda 函数是一种快速定义单行的最小函数，可以用在任何需要函数的地方

def fun(x,y)

return x*y

lambda版本：

r = lambda x,y:x*y

ss求绝对值（abs）

'''

匿名函数

def add(x,y):

return x+y

add = lambda x,y:x+y

'''

def add(x,y):

return x+y

add = lambda x,y:x+y

'''

高阶函数 装逼函数

都是可以通过代码逻辑实现的

但是你写到函数的复杂程序,或者算法不一定有人家内置的好

'''

def f(x):

return x*x

for i in map(f,[1,2,3,4]):

print(i)

def f(x):

return x*x

print(list((map(f,[1,2,3,4]))))

def testMap(fun,iter):

l = list()

for i in iter:

l.append(fun(i))

return l

print(testMap(f,[1,2,3,4]))

#reduce

#filter(lambda x:x%2 == 1,[1,2,3,4,5])

#能符合lambda x:x%2 的留下,不符合的去掉

# def add(x,y):

# return x+y

# reduce(f,[1,2,3,4,5])

# 1,2 = 3

# 3, 3 = 6

# 6,4 = 14

# 10,5 = 15

唯一用得比较多的,就是sorted函数

# sorted(iterable,key,reverse)

# iterable 一个可迭代的对象

# key 对什么进行排序

# reverse bool类型,如果为true为反序,如果为false为正序

# 返回值是一个list

print(sorted([1,4,342,3,45,76,435,34],reverse=True))

m = dict(a=1,c=10,b=20,d=15)

print(m)

print(sorted(m.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=False))

#print(sorted(m.items(),key = lambda d:d[1],reverse = True))

#字典有三种初始化的方法

#第一种 dict(a=1,b=2 )

#第二种 {"a":1,"b":2}

#第三种 dict([("a",1),("b",2)])

m = dict(a=1,c=10,b=20,d=15)

print(m)

print(dict(sorted(m.items(),key=lambda x:x[1],reverse=False)))

'''

列表生成式

[exp for val in collection if condition]

生成器

'''

def jgg():

number = list()

for i in range(1,10):

number.append(i)

for A in [x for x in range(1,10)]:

for B in [x for x in range(1,10) if x != A]:

for C in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B]:

for D in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B and x != C]:

for E in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B and x != C and x != D]:

for F in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B and x != C and x != D and x != E]:

for G in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B and x != C and x != D and x != E and x != F]:

for H in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B and x != C and x != D and x != E and x != F and x != G]:

for I in [x for x in range (1, 10) if x != A and x != B and x != C and x != D and x != E and x != F and x != G and x != H]:

if (A+B+C == D+E+F == G+H+I ==15):

print("A = {0} B = {1} C = {2} D = {3} E = {4} F = {5} G = {6} H = {7} I = {8}".format(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I))

jgg()

a1 = (x for x in range(1,10) if x%2==0)

print(a1)

#python2 a1.next()

print(next(a1)) #python3是直接调用next方法

print("##"*10)

for i in a1:

print(i)

def test():

a= 1

for i in range(1,10):

yield i

a += 1

# return i

#returun 和yield的区别

#yield 可以理解成return,但是比return多一些角色

# yield 每次

m = test()

print(m)

def px(item):

pass

result = ""

with codecs.open("passwd","r") as f:

result = sorted(f.readlines(),key=lambda item: int(item.split(":")[2]))

with codecs.open("sortPasswd","w") as f:

f.writelines(result)