Zookeeper基础

什么是Zookeeper？

Zookeeper官方解释：

Zookeeper是一个集中的服务,用于维护配置信息,命名,提供分布式同步和提供组服务.所有这些类型的服务都以某种形式被分布式应用程序使用.每次实现它们时,都需要做大量工作来修复不可避免的bug和竞争条件.由于难以实现这类服务,应用程序最初通常会节省这些服务,这使得它们在出现更改时很脆弱,并难以管理.即时处理正确,这些服务的不同实现部署应用程序时也会导致管理复杂性.

Zookeeper客户端服务端架构:

客户端:分布式应用集群中的一个节点,当客户端连接时,服务端发送确认码,如果连接的服务端没有响应,客户端会自动将消息重定向到另一个服务器.

服务器:Zookeeper总体中的一个节点,为客户端提供所有的服务.向客户端发送确认码以告知服务端是活跃的.

Ensemble:Zookeeper服务器组.形成ensemble所需的最小节点数为3.

Leader:服务器节点,如果任何连接的节点失败,则执行自动恢复.Leader在服务启动时被选举.

Follower:跟随leader指令的服务器节点.

Zookeeper节点称为znode.Znode被分为持久节点,顺序节点,临时节点.

• 持久节点  - 即使在创建该特定znode的客户端断开连接后，持久节点仍然存在。默认情况下，除非另有说明，否则所有znode都是持久的。

• 临时节点 - 客户端活跃时，临时节点就是有效的。当客户端与ZooKeeper集合断开连接时，临时节点会自动删除。因此，只有临时节点不允许有子节点。如果临时节点被删除，则下一个合适的节点将填充其位置。临时节点在leader选举中起着重要作用。

• 顺序节点 - 顺序节点可以是持久的或临时的。当一个新的znode被创建为一个顺序节点时，ZooKeeper通过将10位的序列号附加到原始名称来设置znode的路径。例如，如果将具有路径 /myapp 的znode创建为顺序节点，则ZooKeeper会将路径更改为 /myapp0000000001 ，并将下一个序列号设置为0000000002。如果两个顺序节点是同时创建的，那么ZooKeeper不会对每个znode使用相同的数字。顺序节点在锁定和同步中起重要作用。

Sessions（会话）

会话对于ZooKeeper的操作非常重要。会话中的请求按FIFO顺序执行。一旦客户端连接到服务器，将建立会话并向客户端分配会话ID 。

客户端以特定的时间间隔发送心跳以保持会话有效。如果ZooKeeper集合在超过服务器开启时指定的期间（会话超时）都没有从客户端接收到心跳，则它会判定客户端死机。

会话超时通常以毫秒为单位。当会话由于任何原因结束时，在该会话期间创建的临时节点也会被删除。

Watches（监视）

监视是一种简单的机制，使客户端收到关于ZooKeeper集合中的更改的通知。客户端可以在读取特定znode时设置Watches。Watches会向注册的客户端发送任何znode（客户端注册表）更改的通知。

Znode更改是与znode相关的数据的修改或znode的子项中的更改。只触发一次watches。如果客户端想要再次通知，则必须通过另一个读取操作来完成。当连接会话过期时，客户端将与服务器断开连接，相关的watches也将被删除。

Zookeeper服务是用Java创建的,在JVM上运行,因此我们需要安装JDK之后,才能安装Zookeeper并使用.

Zookeeper Api

Zookeeper Api的核心部分是Zookeeper类.它提供了在其构造函数中连接Zookeeper集合的选项.

• connect - 连接到ZooKeeper集合

• create- 创建znode

• exists- 检查znode是否存在及其信息

• getData - 从特定的znode获取数据

• setData - 在特定的znode中设置数据

• getChildren - 获取特定znode中的所有子节点

• delete - 删除特定的znode及其所有子项

• close - 关闭连接

连接到Zookeeper集合:

 

// import java classes
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

// import zookeeper classes
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

public class ZooKeeperConnection {

   // declare zookeeper instance to access ZooKeeper ensemble
   private ZooKeeper zoo;
   final CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);

   // Method to connect zookeeper ensemble.
   public ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException,InterruptedException {
	
      zoo = new ZooKeeper(host,5000,new Watcher() {
    //ZooKeeper(String connectionString, int sessionTimeout, Watcher watcher)
    //connectionString-Zookeeper集合主机
    //sessionTimeout-会话超时(毫秒)
    //watcher-实现"监视器"界面的对象.Zookeeper集合通过监视器对象返回连接状态
		
         public void process(WatchedEvent we) {

            if (we.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
               connectedSignal.countDown();
            }
         }
      });
		
      connectedSignal.await();
      return zoo;
   }

   // Method to disconnect from zookeeper server
   public void close() throws InterruptedException {
      zoo.close();
   }
}

创建Znode:

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;

public class ZKCreate {
   // create static instance for zookeeper class.
   private static ZooKeeper zk;

   // create static instance for ZooKeeperConnection class.
   private static ZooKeeperConnection conn;

   // Method to create znode in zookeeper ensemble
   public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws 
      KeeperException,InterruptedException {
      zk.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
      CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
    //create(String path, byte[] data, List<ACL> acl, CreateMode createMode)
    //path-Znode路径
    //data-要存储在指定znode路径中的数据
    //acl-要创建的节点的访问控制列表
    //createMode-节点的类型(临时,顺序或两者)

   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      // znode path
      String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign path to znode

      // data in byte array
      byte[] data = "My first zookeeper app".getBytes(); // Declare data
		
      try {
         conn = new ZooKeeperConnection();
         zk = conn.connect("localhost");
         create(path, data); // Create the data to the specified path
         conn.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage()); //Catch error message
      }
   }
}

Exists-检查Znode的存在

//exists(String path, boolean watcher)
    //path-Znode路径
    //watcher-布尔值,用于指定是否监视指定的znode


import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

public class ZKExists {
   private static ZooKeeper zk;
   private static ZooKeeperConnection conn;

   // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available.
   public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws
      KeeperException,InterruptedException {
      return zk.exists(path, true);
    
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException {
      String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign znode to the specified path
			
      try {
         conn = new ZooKeeperConnection();
         zk = conn.connect("localhost");
         Stat stat = znode_exists(path); // Stat checks the path of the znode
				
         if(stat != null) {
            System.out.println("Node exists and the node version is " +
            stat.getVersion());
         } else {
            System.out.println("Node does not exists");
         }
				
      } catch(Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage()); // Catches error messages
      }
   }

getData方法

//获取附近在指定znode中的数据及其状态
//path-Znode路径
//watcher-监视器类型的回调函数.当指定的znode的数据改变时,Zookeeper集合将通过监视器回调进行通知.
//stat-返回znode的元数据
getData(String path, Watcher watcher, Stat stat)


import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

public class ZKGetData {

   private static ZooKeeper zk;
   private static ZooKeeperConnection conn;
   public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws 
      KeeperException,InterruptedException {
      return zk.exists(path,true);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, KeeperException {
      String path = "/MyFirstZnode";
      final CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
		
      try {
         conn = new ZooKeeperConnection();
         zk = conn.connect("localhost");
         Stat stat = znode_exists(path);
			
         if(stat != null) {
            byte[] b = zk.getData(path, new Watcher() {
				
               public void process(WatchedEvent we) {
					
                  if (we.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
                     switch(we.getState()) {
                        case Expired:
                        connectedSignal.countDown();
                        break;
                     }
							
                  } else {
                     String path = "/MyFirstZnode";
							
                     try {
                        byte[] bn = zk.getData(path,
                        false, null);
                        String data = new String(bn,
                        "UTF-8");
                        System.out.println(data);
                        connectedSignal.countDown();
							
                     } catch(Exception ex) {
                        System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
                     }
                  }
               }
            }, null);
				
            String data = new String(b, "UTF-8");
            System.out.println(data);
            connectedSignal.await();
				
         } else {
            System.out.println("Node does not exists");
         }
      } catch(Exception e) {
        System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      }
   }
}

setData方法

//path-Znode路径
//data-要存储在指定znode路径中的数据
//version-znode的当前版本.每当数据更改时,Zookeeper会更新版本号


import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ZKSetData {
   private static ZooKeeper zk;
   private static ZooKeeperConnection conn;

   // Method to update the data in a znode. Similar to getData but without watcher.
   public static void update(String path, byte[] data) throws
      KeeperException,InterruptedException {
      zk.setData(path, data, zk.exists(path,true).getVersion());
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException {
      String path= "/MyFirstZnode";
      byte[] data = "Success".getBytes(); //Assign data which is to be updated.
		
      try {
         conn = new ZooKeeperConnection();
         zk = conn.connect("localhost");
         update(path, data); // Update znode data to the specified path
      } catch(Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      }
   }
}

getChildren方法

//getChildren(String path, Watcher watcher)
//path-Znode路径
//watcher-监视器类型的回调函数.当指定的znode被删除或znode下的子节点被创建/删除时,Zookeeper集合将进行通知.这是一次性通知


import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;

import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

public class ZKGetChildren {
   private static ZooKeeper zk;
   private static ZooKeeperConnection conn;

   // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available.
   public static Stat znode_exists(String path) throws 
      KeeperException,InterruptedException {
      return zk.exists(path,true);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException {
      String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; // Assign path to the znode
		
      try {
         conn = new ZooKeeperConnection();
         zk = conn.connect("localhost");
         Stat stat = znode_exists(path); // Stat checks the path

         if(stat!= null) {

            //“getChildren" method- get all the children of znode.It has two
            args, path and watch
            List <String> children = zk.getChildren(path, false);
            for(int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++)
            System.out.println(children.get(i)); //Print children's
         } else {
            System.out.println("Node does not exists");
         }

      } catch(Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage());
      }

   }

}

删除Znode

//delete(String path, int version)
//path-Znode路径
//version-znode的当前版本


import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;

public class ZKDelete {
   private static ZooKeeper zk;
   private static ZooKeeperConnection conn;

   // Method to check existence of znode and its status, if znode is available.
   public static void delete(String path) throws KeeperException,InterruptedException {
      zk.delete(path,zk.exists(path,true).getVersion());
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException,KeeperException {
      String path = "/MyFirstZnode"; //Assign path to the znode
		
      try {
         conn = new ZooKeeperConnection();
         zk = conn.connect("localhost");
         delete(path); //delete the node with the specified path
      } catch(Exception e) {
         System.out.println(e.getMessage()); // catches error messages
      }
   }
}