python基础及基本数据类型

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# from somemodule import somefunction # 从某个模块导入某个函数的格式
''' 多行注释
import keyword #保留字
print("%s"%(keyword.kwlist))
'''

'''
str = "ThisIsAGoodDay"
print(str)
print(str[0:-1]) #左闭右开，所以是第一个字符到倒数第二个字符
print(str[2:]) #第三个到最后一个字符
print(str*4) #连续输出多次
print(r"Not\nZhuanyi")
print(str, end="") #不换行输出（print的默认输出是换行的）
print(str)
print(str,str)
'''

'''
import sys; x = "Hello!"; sys.stdout.write(x+'\n')
print("命令行参数为：")
for n in sys.argv:
    print(n)
print("\n the path of python is ==> ", sys.path)
'''

'''
a, b, c, d = 1, 4.6, "string", 2e5 # python内没有变量类型，变量在使用前必须先进行赋值
print(a, b, c)
print(type(a))
print(isinstance(c,str))
print(isinstance(c,int))
a = a+4
print(a**2) # 幂运算
print(d)
'''


'''
# 反转字符串；
# join函数的作用是用指定的字符将List型的数据类型的各个元素分割之后转化为str
# split函数的作用是将字符串通过给定字符分割成List型的数据类型
def reverseWords(inputWords):
    middleWords = inputWords.split(" ")
    backWords = middleWords[-1::-1]
    outWords = " ".join(backWords)
    return outWords


list_test = ['abcd', 86, 2.36]
tinylist = [123, "eee"]
print(list_test)
print(list_test[1::2]) # 第三个参数代表截取步长
print(tinylist*2*2) #连续输出4次
print(list_test+tinylist)

inWords = "this is a test of reverseWords funcion!"
print(reverseWords(inWords))
'''


'''
# 关于元组tuple的简单测试
tup0 = ()
tup1 = (1,)
testtup = (1)
testtup = 2
print(tup0, tup1, testtup)
'''


'''
# 关于set类型的测试
# 输出set类型时系统会自动将重复元素只输出一次
# set可以进行运算：
#               | 代表并集
#               & 代表交集
#               - 代表差集
#               ^ 代表不同时存在的元素
student = {"Tom", "Tom", "Tim", "Mary"}
print(student)

if "Tum" in student:
    print("IN the set!!!")
else:
    print("NOT in the set!!!")

set_A = set("abcdabcdrrr")
set_b = set("alacazam")

print(set_A)

print(set_A - set_b)
print(set_A | set_b)
print(set_A & set_b)
print(set_A ^ set_b)
'''


# 关于dictionary类型的测试
# 可以通过内置函数dict()来构建字典
dict1 = {}
dict1["one"] = "1- Sunday"
dict1[2] = "2- Monday"
tinydict = {"name": "DDD", "code": 1, "day": "Tuesday"}

print(dict1["one"])
print(dict1[2])
print(tinydict)
print(tinydict.keys())
print(tinydict.values())

dict2 = dict([("This", 13), ("That", "Good!")])
dict2["That"] = "Gooood!!"
print(dict2)