android开发:源码解析Activity的启动过程

想来自己毕业也有将近半年,做android开发也有半年时间,这段时间学到了很多android基础的东西,自定义view、view事件分发流程、view滑动冲突、四大组件等等,但是总感觉自己还是对android理解的很浅,每当看到网上大神写的源码分析博客我就非常头疼,这些都是些什么鬼啊??? 也许这就是自己和大厂的程序员区别所在吧,有时候心里会偷偷问自己,为什么别人可以你不可以?
所以今天这篇博客自己也算是酝酿了几个月的成果。

四大组件之一Activity,我们用的非常多了。我们都知道Activity生命周期无非就是onCreate()、onStart(),onResume()等,但是我们知道Activity对象是什么时候创建的吗?它在什么时候调用onCreate()什么调用onResume()呢??

所有的Acticity启动都是通过ActivityThread类来启动,它会调用handleLaunchActivity()方法来创建activity对象

 private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
2875        unscheduleGcIdler();
2876        mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
2877
2878        if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
2879            mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
2880            mProfiler.startProfiling();
2881        }
2882
2884        handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
2885
2886        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
2887            TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
2888
2890        WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
2891		//在handleLaunchActivity()内部调用performLaunchActivity()方法,它返回的是当前activity对象
2892        Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
2893
2894        if (a != null) {
2895            r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
2896            reportSizeConfigurations(r);
2897            Bundle oldState = r.state;
2898            handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
2899                    !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
2900
2901            if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
2902            
2916                if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
2917                    r.state = oldState;
2918                }
2919            }
2920        } else {
2922            try {
2923                ActivityManager.getService()
2924                    .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null,
2925                            Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY);
2926            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
2927                throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
2928            }
2929        }
2930    }

handleLaunchActivity()方法内部调用performLaunchActivity()方法,它返回的是当前activity对象,进入performLaunchActivity看下源码,里面有这么三段代码

           Activity activity = null;
2705		//创建activity对象
2706        try {
2707            java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
2708            activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
2709                    cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
2710            StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
2711            r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
2712            r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
2713            if (r.state != null) {
2714                r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
2715            }
2716        } catch (Exception e) {
2717            if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
2718                throw new RuntimeException(
2719                    "Unable to instantiate activity " + component
2720                    + ": " + e.toString(), e);
2721            }

2742 				//创建PhoneWindow对象
2743                Window window = null;
2744                if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) {
2745                    window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow;
2746                    r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null;
2747                    r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null;
2748                }

 				
2766  				if (r.isPersistable()) {
2767				 //最后会调用activity的oncreate()
2768                    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
2769                } else {
2770                    mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
2771                }

第一段代码:通过反射创建activity对象
第二段代码:创建window对象
第三段代码:调用callActivityOnCreate()
我们继续进入callActivityOnCreate()看源码

1224    public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle,
1225            PersistableBundle persistentState) {
1226        prePerformCreate(activity);
1227        activity.performCreate(icicle, persistentState);
1228        postPerformCreate(activity);
1229    }

callActivityOnCreate中调用了activity.performCreate()方法,继续进入performCreate()

6980    final void performCreate(Bundle icicle, PersistableBundle persistentState) {
6981        restoreHasCurrentPermissionRequest(icicle);
6982        onCreate(icicle, persistentState);
6983        mActivityTransitionState.readState(icicle);
6984        performCreateCommon();
6985    }
6986

进入performCreate()方法后你会发现我们进入到了Activity类,它是我们所有activity的父类,performCreate中调用了oncreate()方法。到此你应该知道我们的oncreate()是什么时候被调用了吧???

1.handleLaunchActivity()中调用performLaunchActivity(),它返回是我们的activity对象实例
2.performLaunchActivity()中创建activity对象、创建window对象,并且调用callActivityOnCreate()
3.callActivityOnCreate()中调用activity的performCreate()
4.performCreate()调用oncreate()

现在我们知道了activity、window对象是怎么被创建的与及oncreate()怎么被调用的。现在我们又有疑问,oncreate中的setContentView()它是怎么工作的???

接下来我们来看setContentView()的源码

2689    public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
2690        getWindow().setContentView(view, params);
2691        initWindowDecorActionBar();
2692    }

我们看到它执行了这一句代码: getWindow().setContentView(view, params);
getWindow()从字面意思我们估计是获取我们的窗口对象(上文在performLaunchActivity()中创建的window)

911    public Window getWindow() {
912        return mWindow;
913    }

getWindow()返回的是一个Window 对象,而Window又是一个抽象类,它只有一个实现类PhoneWindow。所以getWindow()返回的是一个PhoneWindow()对象,所以我们到PhoneWindow中查看源码:

433    @Override
434    public void setContentView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
435        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
436        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
437        // before this happens.
438        if (mContentParent == null) {
439            installDecor();
440        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
441            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
442        }
443
444        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
445            view.setLayoutParams(params);
446            final Scene newScene = new Scene(mContentParent, view);
447            transitionTo(newScene);
448        } else {
449            mContentParent.addView(view, params);
450        }
451        mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
452        final Callback cb = getCallback();
453        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
454            cb.onContentChanged();
455        }
456        mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
457    }

在PhoneWindow的setContentView()中,438行处调用了 installDecor() ,我们进入 installDecor() 看源码

2641 if (mDecor == null) {
2642            mDecor = generateDecor(-1);
2643            mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
2644            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
2645            if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
2646                mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
2647            }
2648        } else {
2649            mDecor.setWindow(this);
2650        }

installDecor()中又调用了generateDecor(),generateDecor()源码:

2287    protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) {
2288        // System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use
2289        // the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the
2290        // activity.
2291        Context context;
2292        if (mUseDecorContext) {
2293            Context applicationContext = getContext().getApplicationContext();
2294            if (applicationContext == null) {
2295                context = getContext();
2296            } else {
2297                context = new DecorContext(applicationContext, getContext().getResources());
2298                if (mTheme != -1) {
2299                    context.setTheme(mTheme);
2300                }
2301            }
2302        } else {
2303            context = getContext();
2304        }
2305        return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes());
2306    }

我们看到最后一行代码:return 一个DecorView对象,DecorView正是我们的顶层布局

因此我们可以总结得到:setContentView()过程就是获取phoneWindow对象,phoneWindow对象调用setContentView(),setContentView()中会去创建DecorView对象,最后将我们的布局交给DecorView。
看一下activity的总体结构:
在这里插入图片描述
我们的布局最后会被DecorView加入到ContentParent当中。

现在我们知道了Activity的启动过程,oncreate调用时期,与及setContentView()最终会作用到哪里,但是我们还不知什么时候我们view开始绘制,我们回到ActivityThread的 handleLaunchActivity()方法

 private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) {
2875        unscheduleGcIdler();
2876        mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
2877
2878        if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
2879            mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
2880            mProfiler.startProfiling();
2881        }
2882
2884        handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
2885
2886        if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
2887            TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
2888
2890        WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
2891		//在handleLaunchActivity()内部调用performLaunchActivity()方法,它返回的是当前activity对象
2892        Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
2893
2894        if (a != null) {
2895            r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
2896            reportSizeConfigurations(r);
2897            Bundle oldState = r.state;
2898            //注意这句代码,view的绘制从这开始
2898            handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
2899                    !r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed, r.lastProcessedSeq, reason);
2900
2901            if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
2902            
2916                if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
2917                    r.state = oldState;
2918                }
2919            }
2920        } else {
2922            try {
2923                ActivityManager.getService()
2924                    .finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null,
2925                            Activity.DONT_FINISH_TASK_WITH_ACTIVITY);
2926            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
2927                throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
2928            }
2929        }
2930    }

我们可以看到执行完performLaunchActivity()后调用了handleResumeActivity(),handleResumeActivity源码

3710            if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
3710               //获取phoneWindow对象
3711                r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
3711               //获取DecorView对象
3712                View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
3712                //DecorView设置为不可见
3713                decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
3713                //获取WindowManager对象
3714                ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
3715                WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
3716                a.mDecor = decor;
3717                l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
3718                l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
3719                if (r.mPreserveWindow) {
3720                    a.mWindowAdded = true;
3721                    r.mPreserveWindow = false;        
3726                    ViewRootImpl impl = decor.getViewRootImpl();
3727                    if (impl != null) {
3728                        impl.notifyChildRebuilt();
3729                    }
3730                }
3731                if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
3732                    if (!a.mWindowAdded) {
3733                        a.mWindowAdded = true;
3733                        //DecorView添加到WindowManager中
3734                        wm.addView(decor, l);
3735                    } else {
3736                      
3740                        a.onWindowAttributesChanged(l);
3741                    }
3742                }
3743
3744            
3747            } else if (!willBeVisible) {
3748                if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
3749                    TAG, "Launch " + r + " mStartedActivity set");
3750                r.hideForNow = true;
3751            }

通过源码可以看出调用了getWindowManager()返回一个WindowManager对象,而WindowManager又是抽象类,它的子类是WindowManagerImpl,源码最后调用了 wm.addView(decor, l);,wm是一个WindowManagerImpl对象,再看WindowManagerImpl源码:

89    @Override
90    public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
91        applyDefaultToken(params);
92        mGlobal.addView(view, params, mContext.getDisplay(), mParentWindow);
93    }

WindowManagerImpl的 addView()又调用了 mGlobal.addView(),mGlobal源码:

 public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,Display display, Window parentWindow) {
		......
        ViewRootImpl root;
        View panelParentView = null;  
   		......
  
           root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);

            view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
        
            mViews.add(view);
            mRoots.add(root);
            mParams.add(wparams);
        }
        // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
        try {
       
            root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
          }


在该方法中首先会实例化一个ViewRootImpl,在调用ViewRootImpl的setView方法将DecorView加载到Window中,在setView方法中会调用window的addToDisplay方法,将DecorView显示出来,最后调用scheduleTraversals()发送一个message(这个message被Loop取出给ViewRoot中的handleMessage里的一个方法),这个方法是就performTraversals(),也就是启动了绘画流程,这个方法里面会分别调用measure、layout、draw。

最后推荐一下这个在线看源码的网站:android源码

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