Docker镜像常用命令

Docker镜像常用命令

查看镜像列表

• docker images

• $ docker images
  >>>
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  ubuntu              16.04               b6f507652425        3 months ago        135MB
  simagix/maobi       latest              356c9f7cb831        7 months ago        26.3MB
  training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        6 years ago         349MB
  

• 运行指定标签(16.04)的(ubuntu)镜像：

  docker run -it ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash
  

拉取镜像

• docker pull imajes_name:version

• #拉取13.10版本的ubuntu镜像
  $ docker pull ubuntu:13.10
  

查找镜像

• docker search

• $ docker search ubuntu
  >>>
  NAME                                                      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
  ubuntu                                                    Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys…   13350               [OK]                
  dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc                            Docker image to provide HTML5 VNC interface …   595                                     [OK]
  websphere-liberty                                         WebSphere Liberty multi-architecture images …   282                 [OK]                
  
  

• official表示该镜像是否由官方发布，automated表示自动构建

删除镜像

• docker rmi imange_name

• $ docker images
  >>>
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  ubuntu              16.04               b6f507652425        3 months ago        135MB
  simagix/maobi       latest              356c9f7cb831        7 months ago        26.3MB
  training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        6 years ago         349MB
  
  $docker rmi ubuntu:16.04
  >>>
  Untagged: ubuntu:16.04
  Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:0f71fa8d4d2d4292c3c617fda2b36f6dabe5c8b6e34c3dc5b0d17d4e704bd39c
  Deleted: sha256:b6f50765242581c887ff1acc2511fa2d885c52d8fb3ac8c4bba131fd86567f2e
  Deleted: sha256:0214f4b057d78b44fd12702828152f67c0ce115f9346acc63acdf997cab7e7c8
  Deleted: sha256:1b9d0485372c5562fa614d5b35766f6c442539bcee9825a6e90d1158c3299a61
  Deleted: sha256:3c0f34be6eb98057c607b9080237cce0be0b86f52d51ba620dc018a3d421baea
  Deleted: sha256:be96a3f634de79f523f07c7e4e0216c28af45eb5776e7a6238a2392f71e01069
  
  $ docker images
  >>>
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  simagix/maobi       latest              356c9f7cb831        7 months ago        26.3MB
  training/webapp     latest              6fae60ef3446        6 years ago         349MB
  

设置镜像标签

• docker tag --help
  
  Usage:	docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
  
  Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  

• 例如给已存在的ubuntu镜像新建一个 dev 标签：

  $ docker images
  >>>
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  $ docker tag ba6acccedd29 ubuntu:dev
  $ docker images
  >>>
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  ubuntu              dev                 ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  
  

创建镜像

• 有两种方式来更新镜像：
  • 从已创建的容器中更新镜像，并提交这个镜像至仓库
  • 使用Dockerfile文件构建镜像

更新镜像

• docker commit a="author name" m="更新镜像" CONTAINER_ID REPOSITORY:TAG

  $ docker commit --help
  >>>
  Usage:	docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
  
  Create a new image from a container's changes
  
  Options:
    -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
    -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
    -m, --message string   Commit message
    -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)
  

• 以ubuntu镜像为例，首先使用ubuntu镜像开启容器，进行更新并退出容器：

  $ docker images
  >>>
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  
  $ docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash
  root@a6332b541b40:$ apt-get update
  root@a6332b541b40:$ exit
  

• 此时ID为 a6332b541b40 的容器就是实现了更新需求的容器，将此容器提交到仓库创建镜像：

  $ docker commit -a="author" -m="for test" a6332b541b40 test/ubuntu:v1
  >>>
  sha256:85661e43eed11155616638deac5cd9e3818f1b587e0cb6880f5f0603ce057712
  

  此时查看镜像，发现在 test/ubuntu仓库已经有一个tag=v1的镜像：

  $ docker images
  >>>
  docker images
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  test/ubuntu         v1                  85661e43eed1        2 minutes ago       105MB
  ubuntu              latest              ba6acccedd29        2 months ago        72.8MB
  

  使用新镜像来创建一个容器：

  $ docker run -it test/ubuntu:v1 /bin/bash
  root@e7605d76cf3b:$
  

构建镜像

• docker build

  $ docker build --help
  >>>
  Usage:	docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
  
  Build an image from a Dockerfile
  
  Options:
        --add-host list           Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
        --build-arg list          Set build-time variables
        --cache-from strings      Images to consider as cache sources
        --cgroup-parent string    Optional parent cgroup for the container
        --compress                Compress the build context using gzip
        --cpu-period int          Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
        --cpu-quota int           Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
    -c, --cpu-shares int          CPU shares (relative weight)
        --cpuset-cpus string      CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
        --cpuset-mems string      MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
        --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
    -f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
        --force-rm                Always remove intermediate containers
        --iidfile string          Write the image ID to the file
        --isolation string        Container isolation technology
        --label list              Set metadata for an image
    -m, --memory bytes            Memory limit
        --memory-swap bytes       Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
        --network string          Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
        --no-cache                Do not use cache when building the image
        --pull                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
    -q, --quiet                   Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
        --rm                      Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
        --security-opt strings    Security options
        --shm-size bytes          Size of /dev/shm
    -t, --tag list                Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
        --target string           Set the target build stage to build.
        --ulimit ulimit           Ulimit options (default [])
  

• Dockerfile内容：

  FROM    centos:6.7
  MAINTAINER      Fisher "fisher@sudops.com"
  
  RUN     /bin/echo 'root:123456' |chpasswd
  RUN     useradd runoob
  RUN     /bin/echo 'runoob:123456' |chpasswd
  RUN     /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
  EXPOSE  22
  EXPOSE  80
  CMD     /usr/sbin/sshd -D
  

• 构建镜像，docker build 的Path参数是Dockerfile文件所处的文件夹，不是文件地址，否则提示报错：

  unable to prepare context: context must be a directory: /root/Dockerfile
  

  # -t 参数执行构建镜像所处的仓库以及tag
  $ docker build -t test/centos:v1 /root
  >>>
  Sending build context to Docker daemon ...