（四）线程

线程

1. 线程：

2. 创建线程：

   相关头文件：

   #include<pthread.h>
   

   函数：

   int pthread_create(pthread_t* tidp,const pathread_attr_t *attr,void *(*start_rtn)(void),void *arg)

   tidp:线程id

   attr:线程属性（通常为空）

   start_rtn: 线程要执行的函数

   arg:start_rtn的参数

   ps：×××因为pthread的库不是linux系统的库，所以在进行编译的时候要加上-lpthread参数

   #gcc filename -lpthread
   

   实例1：thread_create.c

   #include<stdio.h>
   #include<pthread.h>
   
   void *myThread1(void)
   {
       int i;
       for(i=0; i<100; i++)
       {
           printf("This is the 1st pthread,created by zieckey.\n");
           sleep(1);
       }
   }
   
   void *myThread2(void)
   {
       int i;
       for(i=0; i<100; i++)
       {
           printf("This is the 2st pthread,created by zieckey.\n");
           sleep(1);
       }
   }
   
   int main()
   {
       int i=0,ret=0;
       pthread_t id1,id2;
       /
       ret = pthread_create(&id1, NULL, (void*)myThread1, NULL);
       if(ret )
       {
           printf("Create pthread error!\n");
           return 1;
       }
       //
       ret = pthread_create(&id2, NULL, (void*)myThread2, NULL);
       if(ret )
       {
           printf("Create pthread error!\n");
           return 1;
       }
       
       pthread_join(id1,NULL);
       pthread_join(id2,NULL);
       return 0;
   }
   

   实例2：thread_int.c

   #include<stdio.h>
   #include<pthread.h>
   #include<unistd.h>
   
   void *create(void *arg)
   {
       int *num;
       num = (int *)arg;
       printf("create parameter is %d \n",*num);
       return (void *)0;
   }
   
   int main()
   {
       pthread_ttidp;
       int error;
       
       int test = 4;
       int *attr = &test;
       
       error = pthread_create(&tidp, NULL, create, (void *)attr);
       
       if(error)
       {
           printf("pthread_create is create is not created ...\n");
           return -1;
       }
       sleep(1);
       printf("pthread_create is created ...\n");
       return 0;
   }
   

   实例3：thread_string.c

   ​ 同thread_int.c

   实例4：thread_struct.c

   ​ 同thread_int.c

   实例5：thread_share.c

   #include<stdio.h>
   #include<pthread.h>
   #include<unistd.h>
   
   int a = 1;
   
   void *create(void *arg)
   {
       printf("new pthread ... \n");
       printf("a = $d \n",a);
       return (void *)0;
   }
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
       pthread_t tidp;
       int error;
       
       int a = 5;
       
       printf('a = %d \n',a);
       
       error = pthread_create(&tidp, NULL, create, NULL);
       
       if(error!=0)
       {
           printf("new pthread is not create ... \n");
           return -1;
       }
       
       sleep(1);
       printf("new thread is not create ... \n");
       return 0;
   }
   

3. 终止线程

   如果线程中任何一个线程中调用exit或者_exit，那么整个进程都会终止，线程的正确退出方式：

   1. 线程从启动例程中返回
   2. 线程可以被另外一个进程终止
   3. 线程自己调用pthread_exit函数

4. 线程退出

   头文件

   #include<pthread.h>
   

   函数：

   void pthread_exit(void * rval_ptr)

   功能：终止调用线程

   rval_ptr: 线程退出返回值的指针。

   例子：thread.c

   #include<stdio.h>
   #include<pthread.h>
   #include<unistd.h>
   
   void *create(void *arg)
   {
       printf("new thread iss created ... \n");
       return (void *)8;
   }
   
   int main(int argc,char *argv[])
   {
       pthread_t tid;
       int error;
       void *temp;
       
       error = pthread_create(&tip, NULL, create, NULL);
       printf("main thread!\n");
       
       if(error)
       {
           printf("thread is not created ... \n");
       	return -1;
       }
       error = pthread_join(tip, &temp);
       
       if(error)
       {
           printf("thread is not exit ... \n");
       	return -2;   
       }
       
       printf("thread is exit code %d \n",(int)temp);
       return 0;
   }
   

5. 线程等待

   头文件

   #include <pthread.h>
   

   函数：

   void pthread_join(pthread_t tid, void **rval_ptr)

   功能：阻塞调用线程，直到指定的线程终止。

   Tid：等待退出的线程id

   rval_ptr: 线程退出的返回值的指针

   例子：thread_join.c

   #include<stdio.h>
   #include<pthread.h>
   #include<unistd.h>
   
   void *thread(void *str)
   {
       int i;
       for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
       {
           sleep(2);
           printf("This in the thread : %d \n",i);
       }
       return NULL;
   }
   
   int main()
   {
       pthread_t th;
       int i;
       void ret = pthread_create(&pth, NULL, thread, (void *)(i));
       
       pthread_join(pth,NULL);
       printf("123\n");
       for(i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
       {
           sleep(1);
           printf("This is the main : %d \n",i);
       }
       return 0;
   }
   

6. 线程标识

   头文件

   #include <pthread.h>
   

   函数：

   void pthread_self(void)

   功能：获取调用线程的 thread identifier（返回线程id）

   例子：thread_id.c

   #include<stdio.h>
   #include<pthread.h>
   #include<unistd.h>
   
   void *create(void *arg)
   {
       printf("new thread ... \n");
       printf("This thread's id is %u  \n",(unsigned int)pthread_self());
       printf("The process pid is %d   \n",getpid());
       return (void *)0;
   }
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
       pthread_t tid;
       int error;
       
       printf("main thread is starting ... \n");
       
       error = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, create, NULL);
       
       if(error)
       {
           printf("thread is not created ... \n");
           return -1;
       }
       
       printf("The main process's pid is %d \n",getpid());
       sleep(1);
       return 0;
   }