Python画图使用latex设置上下标偏移量

在画图的时候经常需要添加上标或者下标，最常用的方法就是使用latex进行，之前就直接百度了代码复制了，但是发现有时候latex打印出来的字体和我原本的字体并不一样，于是就去找了一下原因。
首先当我们进行打印上标时，网上可以找到一下两种写法：

plt.text('${ha^{-1}}$')
plt.text('$\mathregular{ha^{-1}}$')

这里mathregular其实是告诉电脑这里要用和非latex内容相同的字体，所以如果大家希望latex打印出来的字体和默认字体一样就需要用第二行的代码，另外也可以直接在rc里面设置：

plt.rcParams["mathtext.default"]="regular"
#mathtext.default : it  ## The default font to use for math.
                        ## Can be any of the LaTeX font names, including
                        ## the special name "regular" for the same font
                        ## used in regular text.

关于latex的设置大家还可以去matplotlibrc里具体看看，matplotlibrc文件所在路径可以用下面的代码来查找

import matplotlib 
print(matplotlib.get_data_path()) 

但是有时候如果电脑的默认字体和我们想要打印的字体不同时，打印上标就有可能偏移量过高，直接进行中文百度也没有找到结果，最终终于在matplotlib.mathtext这个模块里找到了对应的设置，这里基本上有所有文字的设置。如果偏移量过高可以通过下面的语句进行设置：

import matplotlib 
plt.rcParams["mathtext.default"]="regular"
matplotlib.mathtext.FontConstantsBase.sup1 = 0.45

# mathtext.py中的说明如下

class FontConstantsBase:
    """
    A set of constants that controls how certain things, such as sub-
    and superscripts are laid out.  These are all metrics that can't
    be reliably retrieved from the font metrics in the font itself.
    """
    # Percentage of x-height of additional horiz. space after sub/superscripts
    script_space = 0.05

    # Percentage of x-height that sub/superscripts drop below the baseline
    subdrop = 0.4

    # Percentage of x-height that superscripts are raised from the baseline
    sup1 = 0.7

    # Percentage of x-height that subscripts drop below the baseline
    sub1 = 0.3

    # Percentage of x-height that subscripts drop below the baseline when a
    # superscript is present
    sub2 = 0.5

    # Percentage of x-height that sub/supercripts are offset relative to the
    # nucleus edge for non-slanted nuclei
    delta = 0.025

    # Additional percentage of last character height above 2/3 of the
    # x-height that supercripts are offset relative to the subscript
    # for slanted nuclei
    delta_slanted = 0.2

    # Percentage of x-height that supercripts and subscripts are offset for
    # integrals
    delta_integral = 0.1

官方链接：
https://matplotlib.org/3.2.1/_modules/matplotlib/mathtext.html#ComputerModernFontConstants