kubernetes – 02
kubernetes 基础管理
kubectl 命令
命令说明
命令格式 | 命令说明 |
---|---|
kubectl run 资源名称 -参数 --image=镜像名称:标签 | 创建资源对象,常用参数-i交互,-t终端 |
kubectl get 查询资源 可选参数 -o wide 显示主机信息 | 常用查询的资源 node|deployment|pod |
kubectl exec -it 容器id 执行的命令 | 同 docker exec 指令,进入容器内 |
kubectl describe 资源类型 资源名称 | 查询资源的详细信息 |
kubectl attach | 同 docker attach 指令,连接容器 |
kubectl logs 容器id | 查看容器控制台的标准输出 |
kubectl delete 资源类型 资源名称 | 删除指定的资源 |
kubectl create|apply -f 资源文件 | 执行指定的资源文件 |
命令案例
# 执行指定的资源文件
[root@master flannel]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
# get 查询信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master Ready master 19h v1.17.6
node-0001 Ready <none> 16h v1.17.6
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-hf2jp 1/1 Running 0 41m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-rtl4l 1/1 Running 0 41m
... ...
# describe 查询详细信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system describe pod kube-flannel-ds-amd64-rtl4l
Name: kube-proxy-4tbp6
Namespace: kube-system
... ...
# 使用run启动容器
[root@master ~]# kubectl run testos -it --image=192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
[root@testos-79778b4895-s8mxl /]#
# 启动服务
[root@master ~]# kubectl run web-test --image=192.168.1.100:5000/myos:httpd
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/web-test created
# 访问节点
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP
testos-79778b4895-s8mxl 1/1 Running 1 6m33s 10.244.3.2 ... ...
web-test-7bf98b9576-v566c 1/1 Running 0 4m24s 10.244.4.2 ... ...
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.4.2/info.php
<pre>
Array
(
[REMOTE_ADDR] => 10.244.0.0
[REQUEST_METHOD] => GET
[HTTP_USER_AGENT] => curl/7.29.0
[REQUEST_URI] => /info.php
)
php_host: web-test-7bf98b9576-v566c
1229
# 进入容器
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it testos-79778b4895-s8mxl -- /bin/bash
[root@testos-79778b4895-s8mxl /]#
[root@master ~]# kubectl attach -it testos-79778b4895-s8mxl
[root@testos-79778b4895-s8mxl /]#
# 查看终端日志
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs web-test-7bf98b9576-v566c
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.244.4.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
# 删除资源,直接删除POD会自动重建
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pod testos-79778b4895-s8mxl
pod "testos-79778b4895-s8mxl" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployments testos
deployment.apps "testos" deleted
资源文件
在k8s集群中,latest标签是不会被缓存,如果想缓存可以使用其他标签
[root@master ~]# docker pull 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:latest
[root@master ~]# docker tag 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:latest 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
[root@master ~]# docker push 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.1.100:5000/v2/myos/tags/list
{"name":"myos","tags":["nginx","php-fpm","latest","v1804","httpd"]}
pod-example资源文件
[root@master config]# vim pod-example.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pod-example
labels:
app: myos
spec:
containers:
- name: myos
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
stdin: true
tty: true
restartPolicy: Always
[root@master config]# kubectl apply -f pod-example.yaml
pod/pod-example created
[root@master config]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod-example 1/1 Running 0 6s
[root@master config]# kubectl delete -f pod-example.yaml
pod "pod-example" deleted
简单web集群案例
[root@master ~]# vim deployment-example.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: httpd
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
containers:
- name: apache
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:httpd
restartPolicy: Always
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f deployment-example.yaml
deployment.apps/httpd created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
httpd-679f76478-8ltrw 1/1 Running 0 5s
httpd-679f76478-rcp76 1/1 Running 0 5s
httpd-679f76478-vwjvr 1/1 Running 0 5s
集群调度
扩容与缩减
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployments.apps
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
httpd 3/3 3 3 60m
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale deployment httpd --replicas=2
deployment.apps/httpd scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployments.apps
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
httpd 2/2 2 2 61m
滚动更新集群
刚刚使用 deployment-example.yaml 创建的 apache,我们更新集群为 nginx
拷贝 deployment-example.yaml 进行编辑或使用云盘中的模板文件
[root@master ~]# vim http-example-v2.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: httpd
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
replicas: 3
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 25%
maxUnavailable: 25%
type: RollingUpdate
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
containers:
- name: apache
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:nginx
restartPolicy: Always
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f http-example-v2.yaml
# 查看历史版本并回滚
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployments
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
httpd 3/3 3 3 78m
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment httpd
deployment.apps/httpd
REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE
1 <none>
2 <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment httpd --to-revision=1
daemonset控制器
[root@master ~]# cat daemonset-expmple.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: daemonset-example
namespace: default
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp1
spec:
containers:
- name: myos
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
stdin: true
tty: true
restartPolicy: Always
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f daemonset-expmple.yaml
污点标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
httpd-679f76478-7x7rw 1/1 Running 0 72m 10.244.3.6 node-0003
httpd-679f76478-gk2rk 1/1 Running 0 72m 10.244.4.6 node-0002
httpd-679f76478-sqvvc 1/1 Running 0 72m 10.244.5.7 node-0001
[root@master ~]# kubectl taint node node-0003 k1=v1:NoExecute
node/node-0003 tainted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
httpd-679f76478-gk2rk 1/1 Running 0 73m 10.244.4.6 node-0002
httpd-679f76478-qbkst 1/1 Running 0 6s 10.244.4.8 node-0002
httpd-679f76478-sqvvc 1/1 Running 0 73m 10.244.5.7 node-0001
# 查看污点标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe nodes node-0003 |grep -P "^Taints:"
Taints: k1=v1:NoExecute
# 删除污点标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl taint node node-0003 k1-
节点选择器
[root@master ~]# vim http-example-v3.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: httpd
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
spec:
nodeSelector:
disktype: ssd
containers:
- name: apache
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:httpd
restartPolicy: Always
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f http-example-v3.yaml
deployment.apps/httpd created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
httpd-6bffbcb9d8-hgqvv 0/1 Pending 0 39s
[root@master ~]# kubectl label nodes node-0003 disktype=ssd
node/node-0003 labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
httpd-6bffbcb9d8-hgqvv 1/1 Running 0 2m8s 10.244.3.9 node-0003
job/cronjob控制器
[root@master config]# vim job-example.yaml
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(500)"]
restartPolicy: OnFailure
[root@master config]# kubectl apply -f job-example.yaml
job.batch/pi created
[root@master config]# kubectl get job
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi 1/1 2s 7s
[root@master config]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
httpd-6bffbcb9d8-hgqvv 1/1 Running 0 12m
pi-gvfwj 0/1 Completed 0 15s
# 查看终端结果
[root@master config]# kubectl logs pi-gvfwj
[root@master ~]# vim cronjob-example.yaml
---
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
name: cronjob-pi
spec:
schedule: "*/1 * * * *"
jobTemplate:
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: 192.168.1.100:5000/myos:v1804
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(500)"]
restartPolicy: OnFailure
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f cronjob-example.yaml
cronjob.batch/cronjob-pi created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get cronjobs.batch
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
cronjob-pi */1 * * * * False 0 <none> 10s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
cronjob-pi-1595410620-vvztx 0/1 Completed 0 62s