malloc和free的实现原理解析

转载文章：https://jacktang816.github.io/post/mallocandfree/

brk和sbrk是Linux的系统调用，下面解释摘自官方手册
概要：
函数原型

int brk(void *addr);
void *sbrk(intptr_t increment);

1、brk() and sbrk() change the location of the program break, which defines the end of the process’s data segment (i.e., the program break is the first location after the end of the uninitialized data segment). Increasing the program break has the effect of allocating memory to the process; decreasing the break deallocates memory.（增加程序的break指针会为进程分配内存，减少break指针为释放内存）
2、brk() sets the end of the data segment to the value specified by addr, when that value is reasonable, the system has enough memory, and the process does not exceed its maximum data size (see setrlimit(2)).
3、sbrk() increments the program’s data space by increment bytes. Calling sbrk() with an in‐crement of 0 can be used to find the current location of the program break.
返回值：
On success, brk() returns zero. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to ENOMEM.
On success, sbrk() returns the previous program break. (If the break was increased, then this value is a pointer to the start of the newly allocated memory). On error, (void *) -1 is returned, and errno is set to ENOMEM.