K8S 存储之PV PVC以及StorageClass

PV是一个全局概念，所有命名空间可见。管理员创建PV后，用户可创建PVC与之关联并在pod中使用。一个PV只可与一个PVC进行关联。

#创建基于nfs的PV
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# vim pvnfs.yaml
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# ls
pod1.yaml  podEmptyDir.yaml  podHostPath.yaml  podNfs.yaml  pvnfs.yaml
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# more pvnfs.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pvnfs001
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  #回收策略，删除PVC后，PV的状态会释放，变为available且将对应数据删除，使用容器busybox清理，如果策略为Retain，数据不会被删除，且PV状态为released。
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle  
  #storageClassName: slow
  mountOptions:
    - hard
    - nfsvers=4.1
  nfs:
    path: /nfs
    server: 192.168.71.134
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl apply -f pvnfs.yaml
persistentvolume/pvnfs001 created
#查看PV状态。
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl get pv
NAME       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM   STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pvnfs001   5Gi        RWO            Recycle          Available                                   5s
##创建PVC，PVC中不包含与PV相关的定义，而是通过accessModes的一致性、PVC要求容量大小<=PV所能提供的大小以及storageClassName的一致性这些参数来决定是否可关联。
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# more pvcnfs.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: pvcnfs001
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  #storageClassName: slow
  #selector:
  #  matchLabels:
  #    release: "stable"
  #  matchExpressions:
  #    - {key: environment, operator: In, values: [dev]}
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl apply -f pvcnfs.yaml
persistentvolumeclaim/pvcnfs001 created
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl get pvc
NAME        STATUS   VOLUME     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
pvcnfs001   Bound    pvnfs001   5Gi        RWO                           4s
#创建一个使用pvcnfs001这个PVC作为存储的pod
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl apply -f podPvc.yaml
pod/www04 created
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# cat podPvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: www04
  name: www04
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: pvcnfs
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: pvcnfs001
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: www04
    volumeMounts:
    - name: pvcnfs
      mountPath: /data
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  restartPolicy: Always
status: {}
#进入容器查看存储情况
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl exec -it www04 -- bash
root@www04:/# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay                   17G  8.0G  9.0G  48% /
tmpfs                     64M     0   64M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
192.168.71.134:/nfs       17G  8.0G  9.0G  48% /data
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  8.0G  9.0G  48% /etc/hosts
shm                       64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    7.6G   12K  7.6G   1% /run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/firmware

StorageClass

StorageClass需要先具备相应的分配器provisioner，而不需要

#修改api-server配置文件使其支持动态storageclass,加上如下参数并重启kubelet服务
#[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
#[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# systemctl restart kubelet
#- --feature-gates=RemoveSelfLink=false
#准备好环境，将镜像拷贝到各节点并加载
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# scp nfs-client-provisioner.tar root@192.168.71.134:~
[root@k8s-node-01 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  app01  nfs-client-provisioner.tar
[root@k8s-node-01 ~]# docker load -i nfs-client-provisioner.tar
#进入master节点编辑nfs provisioner的配置文件
[root@k8s-master-01 deploy]# pwd
/volumeTest/external-storage-master/nfs-client/deploy
[root@k8s-master-01 deploy]# ls
class.yaml  deployment-arm.yaml  deployment.yaml  objects  rbac.yaml  test-claim.yaml  test-pod.yaml
#修改deployment.yaml文件，将NFS设置改为自己的NFS服务设置，且修改镜像策略为IfNotPresent
#应用rbac.yaml以及depoloyement.yaml文件
#查看pods状态，可以看到分配器已通过pod方式创建
[root@k8s-master-01 deploy]# kubectl get pods -n default
NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nfs-client-provisioner-7bcffc97db-c2thb   1/1     Running   0          86s
#查看storageclass，可简写为sc
[root@k8s-master-01 deploy]# kubectl get storageclass
No resources found
#编辑sc声明文件并应用
[root@k8s-master-01 deploy]# vim nfsSc.yaml
[root@k8s-master-01 deploy]# cat nfsSc.yaml
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: nfssc
provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs  #与deployment中声明的名称一致
parameters:
  archiveOnDelete: "false"
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl apply -f nfsSc.yaml
storageclass.storage.k8s.io/nfssc created
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl get sc
NAME    PROVISIONER      RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE   ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
nfssc   fuseim.pri/ifs   Delete          Immediate           false                  29s
#创建PVC，storageClassName知名为创建了的sc的名字
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# cat pvcnfssc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: pvcnfs001
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
  storageClassName: nfssc
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl apply -f pvcnfssc.yaml
persistentvolumeclaim/pvcnfs001 created
#查看已创建的pvc
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl get pvc
NAME        STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
pvcnfs001   Bound    pvc-849b63f8-2724-47ca-90cf-7f11c09176cb   1Gi        RWO            nfssc          5s
#查看创建的PV
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl get pv
NAME                                       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM             STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pvc-849b63f8-2724-47ca-90cf-7f11c09176cb   1Gi        RWO            Delete           Bound    app01/pvcnfs001   nfssc                   86s
[root@k8s-master-01 volumeTest]# kubectl describe pv pvc-849b63f8-2724-47ca-90cf-7f11c09176cb
Name:            pvc-849b63f8-2724-47ca-90cf-7f11c09176cb
Labels:          <none>
Annotations:     pv.kubernetes.io/provisioned-by: fuseim.pri/ifs
Finalizers:      [kubernetes.io/pv-protection]
StorageClass:    nfssc
Status:          Bound
Claim:           app01/pvcnfs001
Reclaim Policy:  Delete
Access Modes:    RWO
VolumeMode:      Filesystem
Capacity:        1Gi
Node Affinity:   <none>
Message:
Source:
    Type:      NFS (an NFS mount that lasts the lifetime of a pod)
    Server:    192.168.71.134
    Path:      /nfs/app01-pvcnfs001-pvc-849b63f8-2724-47ca-90cf-7f11c09176cb
    ReadOnly:  false
Events:        <none>

预先创建PV。