用户输入和while循环

• 函数input（）接受一个参数：即要向用户显示的提示或说明，让用户知道如何做。
• 如果想要指出获取特定输入的原因，可以将提示存储在一个变量中，再将变量传递给函数input().

promt= " what is your first name?"
name = input(promt)
print("hello, "+name)

what is your first name?zhang
hello, zhang

1.使用int()来获取数值输入

• 使用函数input()，python将用户输入解读为字符串类型。
• 使用int（）,让python将输入视为数值。

height=input("how tall are you, in inches?")
height=int(height)
if height>=36:
    print("\n you're tall enough to ride.")
else:
    print("\n you'll be able to ride when you're little older.")

how tall are you, in inches?30

you'll be able to ride when you're little older.

2.求模运算符

• %，将两个数相除并返回余数

判断一个数是奇数还是偶数。

number=input("please input a number: ")
number=int(number)

if number % 2 == 0:
    print("the number " + str(number) +" is even")
else:
    print("the number "+ str(number) + " is odd.")

please input a number: 33
the number 33is odd.

while循环

1.让用户选择何时退出

• 运算符+= 在存储prompt的字符串末尾附加一个字符串。

prompt = "Tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program："
message=" "
while message!= 'quit':
    message=input(prompt)
    if message != 'quit':
        print(message)

Tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you
Enter 'quit' to end the program:abc
abc
Tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you
Enter 'quit' to end the program:quit

变量message存储用户输入的值。使用了if条件来进行测试。现在程序在显示消息前将做简单的检查，仅在消息不是退出时才打印它。

2.标志

• 可定义一个变量，用于判断整个程序是否处于活动状态，这个变量被称为标志。

prompt = "Tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program:"

active = True
while active:
    message=input(prompt)
    if message == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

变量active设置为True，让程序最初是处于活动状态。这样简化while语句,因为不需要在其中做任何比较——相关的逻辑由程序的其他部分处理。

3.使用break退出循环

• 要立即退出while循环，不再运行循环中余下的代码 ，也不管条件测试的结果如何，可使用break语句。

prompt = "Please enter the name of city you have visited"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program:"


while True:
    city=input(prompt)
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(city)

4.在循环中使用continue

• 要返回到循环开头，并根据条件测试结果决定是否继续执行循环，可使用continue语句。

从1数到10，并只打印其中奇数的循环：

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
    current_number += 1
    if current_number % 2 == 0:
        continue

    print(current_number)

使用while循环来处理列表和字典

• for循环是一种遍历列表的有效方式，但在for循环中不应修改列表。
• 要在遍历列表的时候同时对其进行修改，可以使用while循环。

1.在列表之间移动元素

• 验证用户后，将他们移动到另一个已验证用户列表。

unconfirmed_users=['alice','brian','candace']
confirmed_users=[]

#将每个经过验证的列表都移到已验证用户列表中。
while unconfirmed_users:
    current_user=unconfirmed_users.pop()
    print("verifying user: "+current_user.title())
    confirmed_users.append(current_user)

print("\nthe following users have been confirmed: ")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
    print(confirmed_user.title())

verifying user: Candace
verifying user: Brian
verifying user: Alice

the following users have been confirmed: 
Candace
Brian
Alice

while循环将不断运行，直到列表unconfirmed_users变空。pop（）方法以每次一个的方式从列表unconfirmed_users末尾删除未验证的用户。

2.删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

• remove()方法可以删除列表中的特定值，这是因为要删除的值在列表中只出现一次。
• 如果要删除的列表中所有包含特定值的元素，可以不断运行一个while循环。

pets=['dog','cat','dog','goldfish','rabbit','cat','cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
    pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)

['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit', 'cat', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']

3.使用用户输入来填充字典

• 可以使用while循环来提示用户输入任意数量的信息。

responses={}
pooling_active=True

while pooling_active:
    name=input("\nwhat is your name?")
    response=input("which mountain would you like to climb someday?")

    #将答卷存储在字典中
    responses[name]=response
    repeat=input("would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no)")

    if repeat=='no':
        pooling_active=False

print("\n---Poll Results---")
for name,response in responses.items():
    print(name+" would you like to climb " + response +".")

what is your name?zhang
which mountain would you like to climb someday?taishan
would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no)yes

what is your name?zhao
which mountain would you like to climb someday?taishan
would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no)no

---Poll Results---
zhang would you like to climb taishan.
zhao would you like to climb taishan.

定义一个空字典，设置一个标志，用来指出调查是否继续。