Java-链式编程

链式编程概述

链式编程可以使得代码可读性高，同时也减少了代码量，变得优雅,简约。

//我们经常使用的StringBuffer 就是通过链式编程实现的
StringBuffer builder = new StringBuffer();
builder.append("aaa").append("bbb").append("ccc").append("dddd");

在Setter方法中实现

原理就是返回一个this对象，就是返回本身，达到链式效果。

(1)实体类:

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private String nikeName;
    private String email;
    private String phoneNum;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String userName, String password, String nikeName, String email, String phoneNum) {
        this.id = id;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.password = password;
        this.nikeName = nikeName;
        this.email = email;
        this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public User setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
        return this;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public User setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
        return this;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public User setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
        return this;
    }

    public String getNikeName() {
        return nikeName;
    }

    public User setNikeName(String nikeName) {
        this.nikeName = nikeName;
        return this;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public User setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
        return this;
    }

    public String getPhoneNum() {
        return phoneNum;

    }

    public User setPhoneNum(String phoneNum) {
        this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", nikeName='" + nikeName + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", phoneNum='" + phoneNum + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

(2) 测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(2).setNikeName("李四").setPassword("123456").setEmail("xxxx");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }
}

(3)结果

Lombok实现

Lombok实现普通链式编程

使用Lombok之前，必须确保你的IDEA或者Eclipse中安装了lombok插件(可去IDEA插件市场去装)

		<!-- 引入lombok的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.18</version>
        </dependency>

(1)实体类：在实体类上添加@Accessors(chain = true)注解即可开启链式编程

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Accessors(chain = true)
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private String nikeName;
    private String email;
    private String phoneNum;

}

(2)测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1).setNikeName("张三").setPassword("123456").setEmail("xxxx");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }
}

(3)结果

Lombok实现静态链式编程

User中一些必输的字段需要，因此使用使用 lombok 将更改成如下写法： @RequiredArgsConstructor 和 @NonNull

(1).实体类

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NonNull;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Accessors(chain = true)
@Getter
@Setter
@RequiredArgsConstructor(staticName = "of")
public class User implements Serializable {

    @NonNull
    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private String nikeName;
    private String email;
    private String phoneNum;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", nikeName='" + nikeName + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", phoneNum='" + phoneNum + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

}

(2).测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = User.of(3).setNikeName("李四").setPassword("123456").setEmail("xxxx");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }
}

(3)结果

builder模式的链式bean

build模式实现原理为在bean里面创建一个 静态builder方法 和一个 静态内部Builder类 ，通过调用静态builder方法来创建 Builder类，然后通过 builder类 中的 build方法直接创建一个Bean。

自定义 builder模式的链式Bean

(1)实体类

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private String nikeName;
    private String email;
    private String phoneNum;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getNikeName() {
        return nikeName;
    }

    public void setNikeName(String nikeName) {
        this.nikeName = nikeName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getPhoneNum() {
        return phoneNum;
    }

    public void setPhoneNum(String phoneNum) {
        this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
    }

    public static Builder builder() {
        return new Builder();
    }

    public static class Builder{
        private Integer id;
        private String userName;
        private String password;
        private String nikeName;
        private String email;
        private String phoneNum;

        public Builder id(int id) {
            this.id = id;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder userName(String userName) {
            this.userName = userName;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder password(String password) {
            this.password = password;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder nikeName(String nikeName) {
            this.nikeName = nikeName;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder email(String email) {
            this.email = email;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder phoneNum(String phoneNum) {
            this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
            return this;
        }

        public User build() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setId(id);
            user.setUserName(userName);
            user.setPassword(password);
            user.setNikeName(nikeName);
            user.setEmail(email);
            user.setEmail(email);
            user.setPhoneNum(phoneNum);
            return user;
        }
    }

}

(2)测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = User.builder().id(7).userName("szh").email("11111").build();
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }
}

(3)结果

lombok 实现 builder模式的链式bean

只要加入一个@Builder注解就可以了。

(1)实体类

import lombok.*;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Builder
public class User implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private String nikeName;
    private String email;
    private String phoneNum;

}

(2).测试

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = User.builder().id(7).userName("szh").email("11111").build();
        System.out.println(user.toString());
    }
}

(3)结果