java过滤器的使用

一、通过配置方式写一个简单的字符集过滤器

1、web.xml

  <filter>
  	<filter-name>FilterLearning</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>com.ykq.FilterLearning</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>CharacterEncoding</param-name>
  		<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>FilterLearning</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

2、过滤器类

package com.ykq;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class FilterLearning implements Filter{
	private String characterEncoding;

	/**
	 * 关闭服务器时执行.
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("销毁过滤器！");
	}

	/**
	 * 拦截url-pattern中的路径，每次路径符合url-pattern都会执行一次
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
			FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// 强制转换
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) arg0;
		HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) arg1;
	    // 设置请求的字符类型为UTF-8
		req.setCharacterEncoding(characterEncoding);
		// 放开该请求继续执行.
		arg2.doFilter(req, resp);
	}

	/**
	 * 项目启动时执行，只执行一次。
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
		// 读取xml中的配置初始化参数
		characterEncoding = arg0.getInitParameter("CharacterEncoding");
	}
}

二、通过注解方式写一个简单的字符集过滤器

package com.ykq;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;

/**
 * 在Servlet3.0之后可以通过注解方式添加过滤器.
 * filterName等同于web.xml中的<filter-name>
 * value等同于web.xml中<url-pattern>
 * url-pattern和value一样，等同于web.xml中的<url-pattern>
 * initParams等同于web.xml中的<init-param>
 */
@WebFilter(value = "/*",
		   asyncSupported = false,
		   filterName = "FilterClass",
		   initParams = {@WebInitParam(name = "characterEncoding", value = "UTF-8")})
public class FilterClass implements Filter {

	private String characterEncoding;
	
	public void destroy() {
	}

	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) 				throws IOException, ServletException {
		// 设置字符集.
		request.setCharacterEncoding(characterEncoding);
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		characterEncoding = fConfig.getInitParameter("characterEncoding");
	}

}

三、springMVC方式配置字符集过滤器

  	<!-- 中文乱码处理 -->
  	<filter>
  		<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  		<!-- 下面的encoding和forceEncoding都是CharacterEncodingFilter中的成员变量 -->
  		<!-- 所以当不记得param-name时，可以点开原码看看 -->
  		<init-param>
  			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
  			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  		</init-param>
  		<init-param>
  			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
  			<param-value>true</param-value>
  		</init-param>
  	</filter>
  	
  	<filter-mapping>
  		<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  	</filter-mapping>